Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane Sample

Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane Paper Tissue from an onion is a good first exercise in using he microscope and viewing plant cells. The cells are easily visible under a microscope and the preparation of a thin section is straight forward. An onion is made of layers, each separated by a thin skin or membrane. In this exercise you will make a wet mount on a microscope slide and look at the cells of the onion membrane magnified by the high power, compound microscope. We also can observe the actual structure of plant cells which consists of nucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell wall etc. This experiment indicates the transport across membrane in plant cells when involving water through osmosis. Materials and methods : Materials I Apparatus I Onion Distilled waterfall sugar/sucrose I Small knife Glass slipcover oscilloscope Filter paramagnetic stirrer/stirring arthropods Beakers (250 ml 500 mi) I l. Scale off carefully the epidermal layer of an onion and place it on a drop of distilled water on the glass slide. II. Lower down the glass cover slowly on the epidermal layer using the needle. Ill. Examine the onion cells through the microscope. IV. Draw the structure of the onion cells as observed under microscope. V. Remove the distilled water using filter paper. VI. Place a drop of 5% (w/v) sucrose solution at a side of the cover slip and draw the solution across the epidermal layer by placing filter paper on the other side of cover slip. VII. Examine the onion cells once again through the microscope. Draw the structure of the onion cells as observed under microscope. VIII. Repeat step (v vii) using 30% (w/v) sucrose solution. IX. Compare the structure of onion cells in solutions at different concentrations. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Results : The onion cells in distilled water under microscope I The onion cells in 5% (w/v) sucrose solution under microscope I The onion cells in 30% (w/v) sucrose solution under microscope I Discussion : In this experiment we had done 3 different solutions to see the effects of these solutions with plant cells (onion cells). For hypotonic solution (distilled water), because of the different pressure water moves into the cell by osmosis is faster or we can also say pressure potential is higher. Thus it caused the cell to swell without bursting due to the presence of cell wall. The increased pressure pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall and the cell becomes turgid. For isotonic elution (5% (w/v) sucrose solution), water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate hence there is no net movement of water. In the other term solute potential is equal to pressure potential. The cell retains its shape. On the other hand, for hypersonic solution (30% (w/v) sucrose solution), water moves out from the cell by osmosis, the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall and the cell becomes flaccid. Its the same as solute potential is higher in other terms. In this situation, the cell is said to be polymerase. Experiment 2 : The purpose of doing this experiment is to determine the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypersonic solutions to potato cells. From a brief opinion we can conclude the hypothesis ; the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap does not affect the size, shape and mass of the potato strips. Particularly in this experiment we have to use a specific formula to calculate percentage change in the mass of potato strips. Given formula : Percentage change = Final mass Initial mass x 100 Initial mass This is because, the easiest way to observe the changes occur to the potato strips was to weigh the initial mass and its final mass after being put into the three illusions. Material and methods : Potato Table salt/Inaccessibility water Small knife Penchant digital balanced Vials Beakers (250 ml 500 ml )Magnetic stirrer/stirring radiation I l. Slice your potato into sticks that 4-6 CM long and 1 CM diameter. Record their initial weight (g) in 2 decimal places, e. G: 3. 15 g. II. Prepare 4 vials with different salt solutions: 10% (w/v) Nasal, 3. 5% (w/v) Nasal, 0. 88% (w/v) Nasal, and distilled water. Ill. Put one potato stick into each solution. Record the weight of the potato sticks again after 20 min. Calculate the change in weight: final wet. Initial wet. IV. Calculate the percentage of water gain or loss as follow: V. % weight change = Final Wet- Initial Wet x 100 Initial Wet Salt concentration I Initial weight of potato stick (g) I Final weight of potato stick (g) I Change in weight (g) Change in weight (%) I Rank relative Water loss or gain | Nasal | 0. 88 | 0. 76 | -0. 12 13. 6 Loss 3. % Nasal | 0. 88 | 0. 83 | -0. 05 5. 68 Loss 0. 88% Ana | 0. 88 0. 88 +0. 00 | 0. 00 | No change I Distilled Water | 0. 88 | 0. 97 | +0. 09 | 10. 2 | Gain I The data table for long stick potato gain | Niacin | 0. 28 | 0. 26 | -0. 02 7. 14 | 3. % Nasal | 0. 28 | 0. 24 | -0. 04 14. 3 Loss I 0. 88% Nasal | 0. 28 0. 28 +0. 00 | 0. 00 | No change I Distilled Water | 0. 28 | 0 . 36 | +0. 08 | 28. 6 | Gain I The data table for short stick potato In this experiment , potato cells were put into four different solution concentrations which are distilled water, 10% (w/v), 3% (w/v) and 0. 88% (w/v) of sodium chloride. The concentration of the external solution (0. 88% (w/v) sodium chloride) which is isotonic to the cell sap of the potato cell will not produce any percentage change in the mass of the potato. The water moves in and out of the ell at the same rate and the potato strip remains turgid. We can also conclude that the solute potential is equal to pressure potential. In distilled water, the potato strips become longer and increased in mass. The potato strips are hypotonic when immersed in distilled water. The rate water moves into the cells are faster then water moves out thus the pressure potential is higher. In solution with the concentration of 3. 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) of sodium chloride, the potato cells become smaller and least in mass. The potato strips are hypersonic when immersed in these concentrations. The rate of water that eves out from the cells are faster then rate of water that moves into the cells hence the solute potential is higher. Experiment 3 : The osmotic gradient is the difference in concentration between two solutions on either side of a comparable membrane, and is used to tell the difference in percentages of the concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution. Usually the osmotic gradient is used while comparing solutions that have a comparable membrane between them allowing water to diffuse between the two solutions, toward the hypersonic solution (the solution with the higher concentration). Eventually, the force of the column of water on the hypersonic side of the comparable membrane will equal the force of diffusion on the hypotonic (the side with a lesser concentration) side, creating equilibrium. When equilibrium is reached, water continues to flow, but it flows both ways in equal amounts as well as force, therefore stabilizing the solution. Osmosis is the diffusion of molecules from where they are abundant to where they are scarce through a semi permeable membrane. In red blood cells, this semi permeable membrane is the cell membrane. If red blood cells were placed in a solution abundant with water molecules, they would diffuse into the cells through the membrane Materials and Methods : Distilled water 4. 0% (w/v) Nasal 0. 5% (w/v) Niacin I Glass slide Cover slip Microscope Test tubes Cotton Lancet Beakers (250 ml 500 ml) Magnetic stirrer/stirring rod Spatula I i. Label test tubes with A, B, and C. Ii. Fill the test tube A, B, and C with 5 ml of distilled water, 4. 0 % (w/v) Nasal and 0. 85% (w/v) Nasal, respectively. Iii. Add a drop of blood into each test tube and left them for 5 min. Iv. Examine a drop of each solution under microscope. The red blood cells in distilled w ater under microscope I The red blood cells in 4. 0% (w/v) Niacin solution under microscope I The red blood cells in 0. 5% (w/v) Nasal solution under microscope I When the osmotic pressure of the solution outside the blood cells in higher than the osmotic pressure inside the red blood cells, the solution is hypersonic. The water inside the blood cells exits the cells in an attempt to equalize the osmotic pressure, causing the cells to shrink. When the osmotic pressure outside the red blood cells is the same as the pressure inside the cells, the solution is isotonic with respect to the cytoplasm. This is the USUal condition of red blood cells in plasma. The cells are normal.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEMThe nervous system is composed of trillions of nerve cells, as well as other cells which maintain and support the nerve cells. The scientific name for a nerve cell is a neuron. Neurons function electrically to create thought and action in our bodies. Without nerve cells, human life would not, and could not be. Most of the cells which maintain and support neurons are glial cells. The word "glial" means glue. Glial cells not only maintain and support neurons, they serve as glue to keep them in place.Neurons have a cell body, which like all cell bodies, is called a soma. Protruding from the soma are many nerve fibers. There are two kinds of nerve fibers, axons and dendrites. Axons are very long nerve fibers which send electro-chemical messages to other neurons or to glands and muscles to create action in them. Dendrites are short nerve fibers which receive electro-chemical information from the axon of other nerve cells.A typical nerve cell has several dendrites, but only o ne axon. When neurons are linked and bundled together to form and electrical line of conduction, they are called nerves. When neurons have specialized in detecting environmental events, they are called sensory receptors. The rods and cones of the eye and taste buds, for example, are specialized neurons.Since neurons and their nerve fibers communicate with each other electrically, many of the fibers require insulation to function properly. Those nerve fibers which are insulated are insulated with fatty substances called myelin sheath and neurolemma, and are white in appearance. Those which are not insulated are gray in appearance. Insulation permits the nervous system to exercise fine control over muscles. The reason that babies cannot smile or move precisely at birth is that the insulation for their nerve fibers is not...

Rujm el-Hiri (Golan Heights) - Ancient Observatory

Rujm el-Hiri (Golan Heights) - Ancient Observatory Sixteen kilometers east of the Sea of Galilee in the western part of the historic Bashan plain of the Golan Heights (a contested area claimed by both Syria and Israel) are the ruins of a most unusual structure, which scholars believe was built at least in part for archaeoastronomical purposes. Located at 515 meters above sea level, Rujm el-Hiri consists of a central cairn with a set of concentric rings encircling it. Built during the late Chalcolithic or Early Bronze Age about 5000 years ago, Rujm el-Hiri (also called Rogem Hiri or Gilgal Rephaim) is made of an estimated 40,000 tons of uncut black volcanic basalt field stones piled and wedged into between five and nine concentric rings (depending on how you count them), with heights reaching to 1 to 2.5 meters (3-8 feet) high. Nine Rings at Rujm el-Hiri The outermost, largest ring (Wall 1) measures 145 meters (475 feet) east-west and 155 m (500 ft) north-south. The wall measures consistently between 3.2-3.3 m (10.5-10.8 ft) thick, and in places stands up to 2 m (6 ft) in height. Two openings into the ring are currently blocked by fallen boulders: the northeastern measures some 29 m (95 ft) wide; the southeastern opening measures 26 m (85 ft). Not all of the internal rings are complete; some of them are more oval than Wall 1, and in particularly, Wall 3 has a pronounced bulge to the south. Some of the rings are connected by a series of 36 spoke-like walls, which make up chambers, and seem to be randomly spaced. At the center of the innermost ring is a cairn protecting a burial; the cairn and burial come after the initial construction of the rings by perhaps as long as 1500 years. The cairn is an irregular stone heap measuring some 20-25 m (65-80 ft) in diameter and 4.5-5 m (15-16 ft) in height. Dating the Site Very few artifacts have been recovered from Rujm el-Hiri, and no suitable organic materials have been recovered for radiocarbon dating. Based on what little artifacts were recovered, the earliest constructions were the rings during the Early Bronze Age, of the 3rd millennium BC; the cairn was built during the late Bronze Age of the late 2nd millennium. The huge structure (and a series of dolmens nearby) may be the origin of the myths of the ancient race of giants, mentioned in the Old Testament of the Judeo-Christian bible as led by Og, King of the Bashan. Archaeologists Yonathan Mizrachi and Anthony Aveni, studying the structure since the late 1980s, have another possible interpretation: a celestial observatory. Summer Solstice at Rujm el Hiri Recent work by Aveni and Mizrachi has noted that the entranceway to the center opens on sunrise of the summer solstice. Other notches in the walls indicate the spring and fall equinoxes. Excavations into the walled chambers did not recover artifacts indicating that the rooms were ever used either for storage or residence. Calculations of when the astronomical alignments would have matched stars supports the dating of the rings at having been built at about 3000 BC /- 250 years. The walls at Rujm el-Hiri seem to have pointed to star-risings for the period, and may have been predictors of the rainy season, a crucial bit of information for the sheep herders of the Bashan plain in 3000 BC. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Astronomical Observatories, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Aveni, Anthony and Yonathan Mizrachi 1998 The Geometry and Astronomy of Rujm el-Hiri, a Megalithic Site in the Southern Levant. Journal of Field Archaeology 25(4):475-496. Polcaro A, and Polcaro VF. 2009. Man and sky: problems and methods of Archaeoastronomy. Archeologia e Calcolatori 20:223-245. Neumann F, Schà ¶lzel C, Litt T, Hense A, and Stein M. 2007. Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Golan heights (Near East). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 16(4):329-346.

The Economics of Airlines and airport Case Study

The Economics of Airlines and airport - Case Study Example It was approved by the Government on the basis of figures that were provided by Oxford Economic Forecasting in two reports commissioned by the aviation industry, and which projected economic benefit to the UK of 5 billion pounds over a period of 70 years (BBC report). The benefits from the use of all existing runways before expansion was estimated to be 6.7 billion pounds, with costs being 1.9 billion pounds and net benefits being 4.9 billion pounds.(Dept of T, 2003). Estimated investments made into Heathrow were 3599 million in the last ten years, with projected investments over the next ten years being 6398 million, with a net economic contribution of 5 billion pounds to the economy(www.heathrowairport.com). In the graph above, Series 1 represents the total benefits of the construction, Series 2 represents the costs associated with the construction, while Series 3 represents the new benefits of the construction. The Government finally commissioned one new terminal at Heathrow airport, which has just become functional and this expansion was justified on the basis of the projected gains of 5 billion pounds. ... Estimated investments made into Heathrow were 3599 million in the last ten years, with projected investments over the next ten years being 6398 million, with a net economic contribution of 5 billion pounds to the economy(www.heathrowairport.com). However, with the expansion of Heathrow airport to include one additional terminal, the economic benefits were projected as follows: (Source: DT, 2003). In the graph above, Series 1 represents the total benefits of the construction, Series 2 represents the costs associated with the construction, while Series 3 represents the new benefits of the construction. The Government finally commissioned one new terminal at Heathrow airport, which has just become functional and this expansion was justified on the basis of the projected gains of 5 billion pounds. The arguments that have been advanced suggest that an expansion of Heathrow through the additional terminal will contribute to better management of passenger traffic and provide effective transportation with other European airports, which are emerging as attractive destinations (www.stopheathrowexpansion.com). But a Report on the Heathrow expansion questions whether it is really necessary and concludes that the competitiveness of the airport will not necessarily be impacted negatively without it (www.stopheathrowexpansion.com). Social and Environmental aspects The Department of Transport in 2000, produced forecasts for air traffic and according to this, there are likely to be 400 million passengers per

Building and construction Safety Technology Assignment

Building and construction Safety Technology - Assignment Example The paper tells that the construction workers are the people who will be using the hoist frequently, and therefore more likely to be injured by the hoist. To avoid accidents that might be caused by their negligence, it is important for them to be trained on how to use the hoist and some safety precautions. A material hoist should be manually controlled by a well trained operator so as to ensure safety of other workers lacking the technical knowhow of a material hoist operation. All the workers should be provided with a simple list of do’s and don’ts safety information to reduce the risk of self injury due to carelessness. The material hoist must be designed in such a way that it is enclosed in a compartment which has openings on each floor which will act as doors. Each opening should have a landing plate which will clutch the hoist when loading and offloading. The material hoist motor should have a speed governor and an equipment to measure the weight of the load being lifted. The maximum weight to be lifted by the hoist should be effectively communicated to the workers responsible for loading the hoist to avoid overloading. The lubrication of the bearings and gears should be as often as possible to avoid friction and wearing out of joints and wheels. This will also ensure that the hoist motor is not overloaded and reduce the risk of malfunction. The material hoist should be suspended from steel wire ropes of highest possible quality which corresponds with the weight to be lifted. ... This will also ensure that the hoist motor is not overloaded and reduce the risk of malfunction. The material hoist should be suspended from steel wire ropes of highest possible quality which corresponds with the weight to be lifted. The steel wires should have an allowance for environmental factors such as cold and hot weathers which cause expansion and contraction of the ropes. If overstretched, the ropes may break during cold seasons. A number of steel ropes should be used so that when one breaks others hold the hoist before repair is done (Craighead 210). The minimum diameter of the steel ropes should not be less than 8 millimeters. Other requirements Sound reduction is one of the emerging trends in the field of escalators. The sound of a material hoist should be as low as possible therefore increasing the ability to identify a problem with the hoist when it arises. Sound reducing rubber pads should be installed to eliminate noise and vibrations that might otherwise cause weakeni ng of the beam and the hoist’s frame work. It is recommendable to use stainless steel for the material hoist housing since it has a relatively small weight and yet high capacity of not getting torn apart when lifting heavy loads. Unless stated otherwise, stainless steel should be of EN 10029, EN 10048, EN 10095, EN 10259 or EN 10258 grades 316 or corresponding. Question2. Crane Safety Precautions A crane should be properly maintained and repaired when damaged to avoid its malfunctioning while lifting loads. Before a crane can be employed to lift iron bars, its capacity should be considered. A crane which has a low capacity to lift the weight of the iron bars should not be used; otherwise it may cause injury to those operating it. The hoist rating of the crane should be

College Graduation Essay Example for Free

College Graduation Essay I had been waiting for this morning to come for four years. In a few hours it came and went, but it was an important time in my life. Graduation day was the end of one life and the beginning of a new life with different problems, worries and joys. While walking in the theater, I had seen hundreds of parents, grandparents, children, and even alumni students’. My family was there, excited and cheering for me because I had finally made it. I was backstage getting ready for the walk on stage and thinking that I had finally reached the one day that would end college life and start a new life in the workplace. The time came for all the graduates to line up and start heading on stage to begin the ceremony. The walk to the podium seemed to take forever, as if we were waiting in line at Cedar Point. I just wanted to get my college degree, and get the day over with, but we had to wait for the band to start playing as well as the Valedictorians and Salutatorians to begin. I was excited and scared at the same time because I knew that once I walked across that stage everything would be different. The sound of the cheering, the stately music, the solemn atmosphere, and the joy of the students all play a part in creating this spectacle. It had represented the culmination of years of our hard work, careful planning, and studiousness. We must say goodbye to the fun and excitement of college days and enter the real world. As graduates, we’re reminded of duty to uphold and the finest traditions of the university and act in a spirit of honesty and integrity. During the graduation exercise I became bored. Crazy thoughts started roaming through my head while sitting there. Such as; â€Å"oh my god† I hope I don’t trip and fall in these six inch black heels, I’m nervous; hundredths of people will be staring as I walk across that stage. Just before I knew it; Good morning staff, parents, and fellow graduates. This year, you seniors have come a long way, Ms. Pierce, our vice president at the university, droned into the microphone. Ms. Pierce is a tall, thick, brown-skinned woman, who Ive always known throughout my four years there at the university. As she went on babbling about how proud she was, and how hard wed worked, all I could think about was how I had longed for this moment to finally come, I was still somewhat startled and amazed by this brilliant event. This eventually brought small joyful tears to my eyes. Just a few days earlier, I had been counting down the days to graduation. Only two days left before graduation, and four weeks and four days left until summer! I shouted out as I began marking off the May days in my calendar. Waiting to be called up then all of a sudden I heard: Tamar Perryman, with a loud applause and smiling faces of excitement. Walking up to get my degree as well as shaking the vice presidents hand with a firm grip. Finally I had overcome my fear and accepted my bachelor’s degree! About an hour later, our graduating class threw our caps up. As a sign of excitement, It was now time to party afterwards; I and some of my other classmates went from one friend party to the next following the commencement. When walking towards the backyard I had smelled barbeque from the grill, and boy did it smelled delicious. My stomach started to growl and I knew that was a sign to hurry and smash. I also noticed the beautiful dandelions off by the side of the garage. Picnics tables were set with decorated signs that read â€Å"Congrats you’ve made it† balloons were pinned up, soft music was playing from the garage Adults were gathered around taking pictures with friends and family. Several parents’ and grandparents’ attend to share their excitement as well, gifts were brought from office supplies to home house ware appliances. By midnight I was extremely tired from what a long day, I knew today would be a memory that I would never forget about while lying in my queen size sleigh bed. Before dozing off to sleep, I started thinking about what hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities I was going to apply to first thing in the morning.

Pride in Oedipus and Othello Essay -- compare contrast

Pride in Oedipus and Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In literature, the tragic heroes Oedipus and Othello allow the pride they have to cause their own demise by putting too much emphasis on the lives they have created for themselves. Oedipus, who blinds himself after finding out he has killed his birth father and married his birth mother, refuses to believe he has truly fulfilled his fate because he is so proud of what he has accomplished since he left Corinth. Othello demonstrates his pride by believing that the people closest to him would never betray him because of his powerful position as a General of the armies in Venice. Both characters example of hubris, or excessive pride, causes the downfall in their lives, which eventually leads to life-long blindness for Oedipus and death for Othello.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A first glimpse of Oedipus’ pride is seen when he is speaking to the prophet Teiresias and refuses to believe he is actually responsible for killing the previous king of Thebes who happens to be his father. Teiresias tells Oedipus multiple times that his fate has been fulfilled and that Oedipus really did murder Laà ¯os, however Oedipus is unbelieving of what Teiresias has to say. â€Å"Teiresias: I say that you are the murder whom you seek. Oedipus: Now twice you have spat out infamy! You’ll pay for it! Teiresias: Would you care for more? Do you wish to be really angry? Oedipus: Say what you will. Whatever you say is worthless. Teiresias: I say you live in hideous shame with those most dear to you. You can not see the evil† (Sophocles 171 lines 144-159). Teiresias blatantly tells Oedipus the truth of what is happening around him, and Oedipus dismisses all he says. Oedipus’ pride blinds him to all the evidence that points to him as the murderer of his own father. When Iocastà ª tells Oedipus the details of Laà ¯os’s murder, Oedipus is too ignorant to see that he was the one who murdered the previous king and placed a curse upon himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oedipus: I solemnly forbid the people of this country, where power and throne   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  are mine, ever to receive that man or speak to him, no matter who he is, or let him   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  join in sacrifice, lustration, or in prayer. I decree that he be driven from every   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  house, being, as he is, corruption itself to us: the Delphic Voice of Zeus has   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pronounced this revelation. Thus I associate myself with the oracle and take the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  side ... ...is pride, he doesn’t want people to know that he killed his wife out of jealousy that was fabricated by a jealous man. He wants people to believe that it was his love that caused the murder; that he loved too much and not that he was really trying to avenge his pride and save himself from realizing he has lost everything he worked so hard to earn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pride caused the death of 2 innocent people in Othello; however, Oedipus becoming blind and having to live with the mistakes he made is a fate worse than death. A tragic flaw seen in both characters is the amount of pride each one possesses. Both men had the opportunity to be ordinary and to be able to get by, yet that was not good enough for either of them. Oedipus and Othello felt they could achieve more than what was put in front of them and in the process of becoming great men; they unfortunately meet their end. It is proven through Oedipus and Othello that pride is not a bad thing when it is used appropriately; however, too much pride can ruin not just one life, but also the many lives that are surrounded by that one life. By putting too much emphasis on their lives, Othello and Oedipus are responsible for their own demise.

Strengths Paper

â€Å" A good objective of leadership is to help those who are doing poorly to do well and to help those who are doing well to do even better. †~ Jim Rohn Throughout history, people have needed leaders to help them handle certain situations and work through problems. Anybody can become a leader, but first they must determine what their strengths are. There is now a test that one can take online that outlines their five top strengths and explains in detail what each one means. It varies for each person that takes it, but my top five strengths are achiever, adaptability, strategic, restorative, and relator.The first of my strengths is achiever. This means that whenever I start something, I like to finish it and generally do whatever it takes to reach that goal. My second strength, adaptability, in a way, ties into the first one. Adaptability means being able to approach problems from different angles and finding new ways to complete things when one idea doesn't work. I feel like these two strengths relate to me pretty well. I do not like to leave projects open ended whenever I start them and I'm usually pretty good at ‘rolling with the punches. These two allow me to tackle situations in a variety of ways and leave me with plenty of the proverbial â€Å"plan B's† in case any of the first attempts do not work properly. My third strength, strategic, also aids my ability to work through problems. This particular strength allows me to think about the situation fully before jumping into it. Once I figure out what's happening, I can come up with a plan that best suites the circumstances and work on accomplishing it. By nature, I have found out that I more of a planner.I like to lay things out in my head before I start so things run more smoothly once I begin, which works well with my strategic strength. The last two strengths, restorative and relator, confused me for a little bit. I can put myself into other people's shoes easily and I would much rat her mend my broken relationships than burn those bridges, but I wouldn't necessarily put them into my top five. It's not a bad thing by any means, though! As a whole, these five strengths work well together nicely and, in a certain situation, could play off of each other in a very effective way!For example, let's say that I worked at a burger joint downtown. Well, everyone gets hungry and the need to eat usually overwhelms any other feeling that one could have. So, here's the scene: it's a hot summer day and after classes, I decide that I'm going to go get some free food at the restaurant that I work at. Walking in, I know what I want to achieve: I want a big, juicy burger with mustard, ketchup, tomatoes, pickles, onions, and cheese with a side of fresh onion rings. I grill the burger, pull out the buns, and head to the fridge to grab all the condiments.I generally only like to make one trip, so I carry all the items to the table where my burger is waiting. Little did I know that so meone had spilled Coke earlier in the day! As I slip on the spill, the pickles and ketchup fall to the tile in the kitchen and shatter. I have to adapt to the new situation, so I come up with a new strategy. Banana peppers and a little bit of mayo would fill in for the dropped items nicely! I bring all the items over to the table and restore what could have been a disaster.I can now take my delicious lunch outside, find someone that I can relate to, and have a conversation over fresh burgers and crispy onion rings. Everybody has the potential to be a leader. Before they assume this responsibility though, it is best that they find out what their top strengths are so that they can benefit a larger amount of people more effectively through their actions. For me, my top strengths are achiever, adaptability, strategic, restorative, and relator. With these, I can figure out problems, find out ways to solve them, get others input on the subject, and come out of the situation intact.

Importance of Space Exploration

Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology. [1] Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft. While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. Various criticisms of space exploration are sometimes made. The Importance of Space Exploration Outer space is the provider of an endless source of questions for scientists. Its enormous proportions are seemingly endless and interesting, and the knowledge garnered on the subject is very commonly well received by the supporting public. Nowadays in a time where economic recession is threatening to cut the funding necessary for space travel, how can we justify it? On the positive side of things, space exploration helps scientists answer a lot of earths' questions. That is a definite pro. Space exploration has proven immensely helpful in determining the theories of where earth came from, like the Big Bang. It also helped scientists single out what elements need to be present for an environment to sustain life. This can prove invaluable, especially if humans do end up completely destroying earth. We need that knowledge in order to find a new planet, right? Hopefully it won't come to that. Space explorations' biggest pro is that it has given scientists content and examples to compare our earth to. This makes it easier to answer questions that would prove to be almost undecipherable otherwise, without thousands if not millions of years of study. Also, the invention of technology used in space exploration was essential for the advancement and development of many helpful technologies widely used today. In other words, without space exploration we would know a lot less. Now, on the other side of the argument, a con of space exploration is that while being focused on the far reaches of the galaxy scientists neglect what we should be studying right here on earth. Oceans make up the largest percentage of our planet yet we know less about the deep sea than we do about stars thousands of miles away. Space exploration has produced technology which can take humans to the inhospitable vacuum on the moon, yet there is not too much thought or effort going into exploring the deepest sea trenches, even though there is now proof that life exists down there. All this fascination and funding going to finding life in outer space while the actual life on the darkest corners of our own planet goes unstudied. Space exploration is also responsible for producing thousands of jobs. There are people needed for all sorts of tasks involving the complicated process of exploring the galaxies. Of course, those jobs would probably exist too if the preferred field of exploration were to be the oceans. This brings about the money issue, which might be its biggest con. Space exploration and all its technological advances come at a very high price. However, it was money well spent until now that government is undergoing major budget cuts to abate financial crisis. Which is more important, knowledge or health care? This is unarguably a big concern. When weighing the pros and cons of space exploration, it is all a matter of relativity. Science should pay more attention to our own planet before focusing on others, but it is undeniably a fact that focusing on those others through space exploration has helped us understand earth a whole lot better.

Words for our times - Emphasis

Words for our times Words for our times The latest version of the Collins English Dictionary has just been published, with some interesting new additions, including iPlayer, mankini (after Borats legendary garment), and Twitter. The words that officially enter the language no doubt reflect the influences and preoccupations of our times. So, after looking over this years new entries, I couldnt help but wonder: is the future of English completely ruled by television and technology? Well, not completely. The explosion of the social media trend definitely makes its mark: from the names of key sites to phonetically spelled words and phrases (surely more likely to be instant messaged than looked up) such as heh heh, mwah and soz. However, our cultures growing bent towards greener living is also represented, so we find out that an ecolodge is a sustainable hotel, and to be carborexic is to be a person obsessed with reducing their carbon footprint. Our fascination with celebrity-inspired trends combines neatly with the reality of living in the current economy in the word frugalista: a person who tries to stay fashionably dressed on a budget. This does beg the question: does anyone actually use these words? Or have the writers at Collins just been having fun making them up? Still, the question of technologys power over the way we write (and speak) could be greater than we realise. As a society increasingly melded to our PCs, iPhones and MacBooks, our use of grammar could come to be ruled by Microsoft Words occasionally erratic placing of squiggly lines. But thats another story

Analysing The Universality Of Human Rights Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Universality Of Human Rights Philosophy Essay Abstract:This paper aims to critically study and assess the different perspectives on the universality of human rights,and locate the position of the perspectives according to Dembour’s four schools of thoughts. The perspectives of human rights on cultural divesity and linguistic diversity have also been emphasized upon here. Universality of Human Rights & its Different Pespectives Human Rights are rights that one is entitled to enjoy simply because of thefact that he is a human being. These are equal and inalienable for all , and cannot be denied to anyone human in nature and form. Thus they are Universal in nature, and function as a legitimate standard for a political system. This ofcourse willlead to a discussion of being ‘human’ and enjoying the human rights(Donelly 2003). Being Human beings, everyone deserves to enjoy certain rights after fulfilling certain obligations to the society. These fulfillment of obligations are based on morality of the people as an individual and as a class, judged by the society at large and then being endowed with certain privileges to be enjoyed in the form of Political rights. Rectitude and entitlement, the two aspects of a right, are directed towards a preset standard of conduct, which bings forth the duty and obligation that an individual is expected to perform, and calls for individual and universal attention towards righteousness . Performance of this duty entitles the individual to enjoy the et of privileges in the form of a ‘right’. To have a right to something, makes one entltled to own the sole authority to enjoy it, denial or repression of which entitles one to have special claim for justice. Rights enjoyed by one cannot be reduced because it clashes with correlative duties of another, neither can it be reduced for enjoying a benefit. Hence, rights give authority to its holders , and not just benefits( Donelly 2003). Rights are meant to be exercised, enjoyed, respected, and enforced. These are the four principle dimensions of a right. Respecting ones rights gives other the privelege of enjoying and asserting his own rights, otherwise it is liable to be questioned , threatened or denied. A violation of a right is an injustice doneto someone, and is subject to distinctive force and remedial logic(Donelly 2003). Ludwig Wittgenstein, the analytical philosopher propagated that a concept should not be defined by what one thinks it means , but by its meaning and practice in everyday life. One should rather analyse facts on the basis of observation, rather than thinking. This led to the introduction of his concept of Family Resemblance The concept of Human rights when approached through the family resemblance matrix, highlight the following factors: Morality Their existence disregarding social recognition Possessed by every human being Their arbitrariness Emergence through political and social struggle Their usage for political communication Servitude to bourgeois Basis on human nature Bear a socio-legal concensus Ability toget transformed into legal rights ( Dembour 2006). Dembour argues that , although most people believe in the combination of the first three factors as the essential element of the concept of Human Rights, or that human rights exist irrespective of bein having social recognition as every man is deemed to enjoy it being human beings as the rights are framed on the basis of human nature, it should not be assumed that it rests on a socio- legal consensus, or bears arbitrariness in its state. He believes that Human Rights have come into existence as result of force of language use, and believes that they would cease to exist if conversation ordiscussions about them die down Different competingconcepts of Human rights exist inthe society,and people fight to establish their own opinions disregarding others. Donelly’s concept og Human Rights though is encouraging for many, but highlight some political or intellectual inadequacie s in termsof moral integrity in his book Universal Rights in Theory and Practice. Harsher’s Philosphy Of Human Rights points out that Human Rights demands that every single individual’s dignity is considered in an existing political norm, where one individual’s security of Human Rights leads to the security of another , mankifesting this security to an indefinite expanse and time in the society(Dembour 2006).

Field Trip # 1 Market Segmentation - Cereal and Toothpast Essay

Field Trip # 1 Market Segmentation - Cereal and Toothpast - Essay Example o Apple Cinnamon Cereal, Total Cereal, Sunbelt Fruit and Nut Granola Cereal, Wheaties Cereals, ShopRite Scrunch Crunchy cereals-16Oz, Fiber One Original Bran Cereal and Erew Rice Twice (Athanassopoulos 15). There are two market segments targeted by the supermarket. They are looking at their customers on two segmentations. The first is done according to demographic such as gender, age, and social class and the second is based on lifestyles such as retired couples, urban professionals, and singles among others. Market segmentation helps the management of the supermarket to identify target customers and to know what motivates them to purchase the cereals. By undertaking market segmentation, it is possible for the supermarket to ensure every single detail of the product, including the size, taste, and price will appeal the target market. The cereals have been strategically positioned over the counter in three levels, the top, middle, and bottom. The lower level cereals are targeted for children, the middle for the youth and other adults, but the top level is strategically poisoned for adults. The store has two-market segmentation strategy that it is using to meet the needs and demands of the clients. The first is geographic segmentation. This is done based on urban, population factor and region. In order to meet the target population the store has a mobile van that takes the products from a house-to-house basis. The second segmentation is demographic segmentation. This is done based on age, sex, gender, and social status. There are several reasons for taking part in the segmentation process. The main reason the store takes this step is to ensure its clients get quality product in the right form and time. For this to be possible, it has segmented the market according to region and urban factor. The other reason is that the Drug Store wishes to meet the preferences and demands of the clients according to their demographics and taste of the product. Both toothpaste