Unesco And The World Heritage List - 1539 Words

UNESCO and the World Heritage List After the devastation created by World War I, and II, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) was founded in 1945. This organization was created as a way to establish peace, based on humanity’s intellectual and moral solidarity. Then in 1972, UNESCO founded the World Heritage Convention as a way to protect sites of exceptional worldwide importance (UNESCO, 2012). This convention was later ratified by 191 countries, making it almost globally accepted. The World Heritage List is made up of outstanding places that are to be safeguarded for future generations. These places include the Pyramids of Egypt, the Galà ¡pagos Islands in Ecuador, as well as the Acropolis in†¦show more content†¦The nomination can then be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review. Once complete the file can then be sent to the appropriate Advisory Bodies for evaluation. Two Advisory Bodies, both of which evaluate a site being nominated, include th e International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN). These committees provide evaluations on a site. There is a third Advisory Body known as the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), which provides expert advice as to the conservation of cultural sites, along with training activities. The World Heritage Committee will then make a final decision on whether a site will receive an inscription. This committee meets once a year to decide upon nominations, and can defer a request. When a site is deferred, it is usually because more information is needed from the state party nominating the location. Standards for selection must include outstanding universal value, and meet a minimum of one of the ten selection criteria (World Heritage Center, 2013:30-31). As stated on UNESCO’s (2012) website, there are 10 criteria for the nomination of World Heritage Sites (Cultural criteria are listed in section I-VI and Natural criteria are placed in VII-X): (I) represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; (II) exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time orShow MoreRelatedWhat it Takes for a Site to be Inscribe on the UNESCO World Heritage List917 Words   |  4 Pagesinscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List is long and complicated. It has four main steps, each of which are a process in themselves: placement on a tentative list, submission of a nomination file, evaluation by an Advisory Body, and a final decision by the World Heritage Committee. The entire process usually takes about a year and a half, but can vary depending of the time taken for each step (World Heritage Ireland, 2010). In order to submit sites to the World Heritage List, a country mustRead MoreThe Rise Of Rome s Decline Of 378 Ad ( Wilkes, 1992 )1382 Words   |  6 Pages1995:154; Karaiskaj, 2004:13; UNESCO, 2004:35-37). A second chapel and possible third were built on the north side of the stadium (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574; Bowes et al., 2003:392). Sometime during the seventh century, the arena began to be used as a graveyard, known as the necropolis. There are also several Byzantine art forms, dating from the ninth through eleventh centuries (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:581; Bowes et al., 2003:391-392; Jacques, 1995:154-155; UNESCO, 2004:36-37). The cemeteryRead MoreRomes Construction Of The Amphitheater1404 Words   |  6 PagesAmphitheater. Rome’s construction of the amphitheater, began in the Second century AD (Figure 3; Matova and Aliaj, 2006:280; Ponce de Leon, 2013:3; UNESCO, 2004:34. The arena and Roman baths built during this period were centrally located within the city (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:571; Bowes et al., 2003:382; Karaiskaj, 2004:13; UNESCO, 2004:34). Local topography played a part in deciding where the stadium would be built. Roman engineers made use of a hillside on the northern part of the arenaRead MoreThe United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organisation1105 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of heritage destinations. The rich culture of the misty island has even resulted in a number of listings in the World Heritage Program. VoucherBin looked at the favourite UK World Heritage Sites and the reasons these destinations are such a good destination for a visit. What are World Heritage Sites? The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) keeps a list of sights that have special cultural or physical significance. The list is conducted by the UNESCO WorldRead MoreThe Conservation Of National Parks1018 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant points including the aboriginal culture in these conserved areas due to its ancient population contribution to conform a different and diverse heritage in Australia and Ecuador respectively, the controversy that they have caused among the political institutions, and the ecological prominence that these parks represent for the world. Geography Uluru is part of the National Parks protection areas in Australia. Uluru’s landscape has several geological formations because of its locationRead MoreInternational Organisations And Development Of Tourism1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss whether international organisations have an important role to play in the planning and development of tourism. Using relevant examples of international organisations such as UNWTO and UNESCO, this essay will analyse how these types of organisations contribute towards the planning and development of tourism. By using Gran Canaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia and the UK as case studies, the essay will produce a clear analogy of how international organisations get involved to helpRead MoreNational Trust For Historic Preservation1537 Words   |  7 PagesHeritage tourism is a growing niche in the tourism industry and it is something that most tourists will engage at. By breaking the term is separated into heritage and tourism, the t erm heritage is mainly associated with the meaning of the inheritance of something that is passed on throughout the ages (Nuryanti, 1996). Tourism can be interpreted as the movement to somewhere to experience a contrast to the current way of living (Miller, 2015). The definition that the National Trust for Historic PreservationRead MorePreserving Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park Essay examples1524 Words   |  7 PagesPark Introduction to Life Science (Axia) SCI/230 The threat to Manovo-Gounda St floris National Park is overwhelming and should be of great concern. Manovo-Gounda St floris National Park was designated as a World heritage Park because of its unique natural formations and its endangered species. For this reason special attention should be made to help save and preserve the forest and the wild life that resides on the land. According to the unep-wcmc.orgRead MoreCultural Security Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience and identify legislation that should be implemented in Syria. This study will focus on tangible, physical cultural heritage i.e. monuments, groups of buildings and sites as defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) in Article 1 of the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (UNESCO, 1972). The main subjects will be the cities of Dubrovnik and Aleppo during the civil wars. Background The civil wars in CroatiaRead MoreThe Cultural Heritage Of Albania1718 Words   |  7 PagesConsequently, in 1991 at the World Heritage Committee’s Fifteenth Session, they ruled on the Durrà «s Amphitheatre and stated, â€Å"While recognizing the importance of this property as part of the cultural heritage of Albania...it did not meet the criteria for inscription on the World Heritage List as defined for the purposes of the application of the Convention† (Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Fifteenth Session, 1991:30). As of 1996, the amphitheater was

Lord of the Flies Essay Free Essays

Lord of the Flies Essay In the book Lord of the Flies, William Golding tests a critical question about human nature. Is human nature good and civilized or evil and savaged? Golding uses characters that symbolically represent the good and evil in everyone. The characters’ actions of savagery hints to what Golding is trying to show about human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words, Golding shows that there is a savage in everyone, and in order to survive, we will do anything. In Lord of the Flies Golding suggests that savagery is in everyone, and everyone has a weakness for it. When the boys first arrived on the island, they were good, civilized English boys, who could hit a C sharp note. However, as they adapted to the island the boys became savages. Jack without a shirt, the choir boys becoming hunters, and their need to hunt and kill are examples of the inner savage coming out. When the boys hunt and yell, â€Å"Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in! † with spears and camouflaged faces it is an example of the boys losing their civilized nature, to survival (Golding 73). After Roger murders Piggy, he did not have a single regret about it, he was even proud of himself. After Piggy’s murder the other boys continued to throw spears at Ralph revealing they too are willing to murder a companion. This reveals almost all the boys have lost their civilized nature, except for Ralph, which is displayed when Golding writes â€Å"Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart and the fall through the air of a true wise friend called Piggy† (Golding 202). This demonstrates what William Golding is trying to declare about human nature, which is that some people are naturally good hearted and try to be civilized, while others are evil and savaged on the inside, yet molded by society to be good. In Lord of the Flies Golding suggests that there is evil and savageness in everyone and in order to survive we will do anything, even kill. The boys did savage things to survive; however, for some of them it was their true nature. This is revealed during the killing of pigs, and the murder of Piggy. The critical question still stands. Is human nature good or evil? How to cite Lord of the Flies Essay, Essay examples Lord of the Flies Essay Free Essays The growing fear infiltrates their mind and then this fear, as almost as if it were a disease, eventually spreads to the rest of the boy s, and they become reckless, wild, and feral. Boys are getting killed, and a power struggle surges t wrought the group. Throughout the novel, they always try to put a physical form to this beast since e it is easier to overcome, and kill something physical, whereas in reality, you cannot domain et what is inside you. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, as some characters demonstrate in Gildings work, such as Oral pH and Simon, it can be controlled. These characters show the true way of how to live with our inner beast. In other cases, such as Jack and Roger, the Beast is something that they overcome brace and instead of them controlling it, it overcomes them and the beast becomes them. As huh man beings, it is impossible to ignore what lies Inside of us, but sometimes, people such as Pig guy from the novel, try to push it aside and pretend it doesn’t exist. William Gilding suggests that having the power to either control the beast, or to not, and whether or not to recognize its presence, it can either make us stronger, it ca n corrupt us, or it can make us naive and foolish. It is the person’s choice, and responsibility to which h they choose, and the choice makes all Of the difference as to who we become in society. There comes a certain time in a boys life where he first encounters the beast within him. For Ralph, its when he first originally goes hunting with the boys. Feeling it inside of him, he loves the rush and annalistic characteristics that become him. In spite of that, he s till takes a second to step back from that, controlling his will to think. Ralph is a strong willed thinks r, and believes in the rule of law and order. To him, he knows that the beast is there inside, but he chooses to not have it overrule his beliefs. In some situations, such as hunting, the beast isn’t such a bad thing, but do we need it in everyday society? Simon is a character who is almost a live inning and breathing religious metaphor in the novel. He is the one who first suggests that the beast t isn’t a physical monster roaming the islands and eating children, but that we are the beast; w e are the fear and uncontrollable wild. When Simon introduces this idea, our eyes open, not to w hat is around us, but what is inside us. Both characters are examples of how if we wish to have a successful and thriving civilization, the beast must be recognized and controlled within us. At the end of the novel, when the boys are rescued, Ralph is the one to Step forward and say h e was in charge even though power and blood thirsty Jack won over the title of Chief of the island. T his reveals how the selector of one’s own beast rules in a realistic society. If you have the WI lopper to be able to not let something so savage take over your personal beliefs and value s, then that is what really matters. Jack’s beast is something that corrupted him and made him Los e sight of what is really important, which in the real world is something you always need to ERM mind yourself of. The beast is an evil and menacing dark power that invades one’s thoughts an d poisons the goodness inside of us. Or so it IS when we analyze roles portrayed by the likes of Jack. Right from the start, we can Jack has a dark side to him, but as the novel progresses , that just becomes pure evil. In fact, his inner savagery becomes so fierce, he plans and tries to ski II his foil, Ralph, and even does kill poor, innocent Simon. Jack is a perfect example of how if w e don’t control our beast, we ourselves become so uncontrollable. To him, he has no interest of being rescued. He loves the rush and adrenaline of being in charge and having no one there of significant authority to tell him he’s in the wrong. The beast has overcome his common s ensue and act of discipline so much so that he has literally gotten so madly out of control, that there is no turning back. Between the rituals of face painting and dancing around fires, having pee pole chant his name, and cutting off pigs head to put them on stakes as an offering to the be SST, we no longer can see a truly human side to Jack. He is a beast. William Gilding, through this character, shows us as readers the importance of not becoming like Jack, and the importance o f being able to recognize how severe this beast can become. Roger is a less severe case Of be coming the beast. Instead of craving power, he craves the joy of watching others suffer under hi s termination. The beast can also turn us into the worst kind of bullies. Near the end of the novel , Roger kills Piggy; Gilding uses this to show the end of true civilization and reasoning on the Islam d, since that is what Piggy represented. The beast is what turns everything into turmoil. It ova recover most of the boys by taking over their minds and bodies. No longer are they able to HTH ink for themselves when they have this savagery running wild within them. Through the use of the sees two characters in particular, Gilding shows that although we recognize the beast, letting it VA anguish us as humans is not what we need in order to prosper and grow. There becomes points in a chills life where they ultimately become so afraid, they choose to ignore the fear. Instead of facing their problems and issues, they push them a way as if they don’t matter nor exist. In the novel Lord of the Flies, a character who represents HTH s side to the beast, is Piggy. When first arriving on the island, Piggy outshines the others in terms of intelligence and rationale. However, he doesn’t have the confidence or support to become chi beef of the island. Piggy’s greatest fault, besides his lack of seeing and weight problem, is his inn ability to see that there truly is a beast. He tells the younger ones that there is nothing there. An d although he says hat we are just afraid, he doesn’t realize thes more to it. Piggy is naive in the e ways of being unable to see the true inner beast that lies within him. Instead of facing the gar owing trepidation that is unsettling, he simply just is left to look after the younger ones or follow inning Ralph around. Gilding uses Piggy as a way to represent that we need to confront this beast t hat lives within us. In comparison to Ralph, both have fears. Ralph uses his to an advantage to gar owe and become leader. Piggy doesn’t use his at all and becomes useless. The message portray d in the novel is that we need to use the beast within to become a legitimate member of socio TTY with the right amount of power. We all start out like Piggy. We all have ideas, and logical thou sought, but fiftieths simply all we have, then unfortunately, we end up dead just as Piggy did. Not f acing his fears, or inner beast was Piggy’s biggest destruction. Gilding suggests that being unable e to recognize what was really important, is what will be everyone’s downfall. How we confront what lies within, is the building blocks for how we move up I n the world, and how we as people grow. How to cite Lord of the Flies Essay, Essays Lord of the Flies Essay Free Essays In The novel Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding in 1954 a group of British boys is on a plane that crashes onto an island. As the boys attempt to fend for themselves, distinct personalities emerge. Piggy, who is bullied and teased, is a symbol of maturity. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Meanwhile, Ralph is elected chief when they first arrive on the island, but he loses his leader ship to Jack. He is a symbol of optimism. Jack is evil and is a symbol of savagery. Piggy is the biggest outcast to of all the boys on the island. Everything from his maturity to his looks places him on a pedestal for bullying. This is proven in chapter four when he says â€Å"Having sense makes you an outcast† (71). He constantly refers to his aunt and tries to preserve sophistication; piggy is the most logical character. But this connects to the real world. People with respectable looks would be considering a leader, then someone who resembles piggy-fat, slow, pinkish skin. Piggy presence in the novel shows that no matter the quality of ideas not all people are listened to. Piggy remains confident to the savagery going on around him, until he is killed by giant rock. â€Å"How can you expect to rescue if we don’t put first thing first and act proper? † (45) Piggy says this at a meeting with the boys. That statement couldn’t be any truer, but not when it’s coming from piggy. Ralph never seems to lose hope he is elected chief at the first meeting by his ability to call a meeting that seemed to win over the boys. As any civilization dissolves on the island and jack steals chief position, Ralph keeps s optimism. One reason he has hope is because of his father. Ralph tells piggy that his father has a map that has every island in the world on it, including the one they are stranded on. This belief helps him to cope with the change in society on the island. But in chapter 11Ralph is pushed to his breaking point. â€Å"Don’t you understand, you painted fools? Sam, Eric, piggy, and me, we aren’t enough†¦ look at that! Call that a signal fire? That’s a cooking fire. Now you’ll eat and there will be no smoke. Don’t you understand? There could be a ship out there† (178). Ralph is extremely frustrated because of no hope on the island. Jack ignored him; Ralph lifted his spear and began to shout. Listen, all of you. My hunters and I are living along the beach by a flat rock. We hunt and feast and have fun. If you want to join my tribes come and see us. Perhaps I’ll let you join. Perhaps not† (140). This was said by Jack, from that point he took over as a leader. His evilness and savagery got in the way of a society on an island. He is compared to Hitler because they both made a promise. In this case jacks promise was for food, Hitler’s was for a better life for the Germans. They also took over as being a leader. Through out the book the themes hope, what’s left of maturity, evolving into savagery established them. Piggy remains mature, when he is killed in chapter 11 all wisdom and remnants die. Ralph embodies a less significant theme to the plot of hope. Hope in hid father, the fire and hope to be rescued. Jack careless behavior of others and joy in seeing others hurt makes the theme substantial. Over all themes have a strong impact on not only the moral of the story, but what’s left of the characters. Denika Williams Mrs. Thav 1st Hour How to cite Lord of the Flies Essay, Essay examples

Chinatown Reading Response free essay sample

Jake Gittes, the anti-hero detective played by Jack Nicholson, chooses to ignore this vital clue, as do the audience. They make reappearance towards the climax of the film when Jake finds them in a saltwater pool at Evelyn Mulwray’s mansion and draws the wrong conclusion, his pride enforcing his clouded sight and the belief that â€Å"when you’re right, you’re right, and you’re right. † The glasses are cracked in the lens, a metaphor for Jake and the audience’s inability to see the facts clearly, causing them to make the wrong assumptions which ultimately leads to the tragic end of the film. The image system of blindness vs. seeing is also apparent in the flaw in the iris of Evelyn’s left eye. The flaw sets up the idea that the character of Evelyn herself is flawed, and the audience is initially distrusting of Evelyn because of this. We will write a custom essay sample on Chinatown Reading Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is only after the horrifying discovery about Katherine, that â€Å"she’s (her) sister AND her daughter† that Jake and the audience realise that they have been misled; she is possibly the only character who is trustworthy and honest. The final appearance of the image system of blindness vs. seeing occurs at the end of the film, the tragic climax. Evelyn attempts to flee Los Angeles with Katherine, but after shooting her father and murderer of her husband, Noah Cross in the arm, she is fatally shot through her left eye as she tries to escape. The consequences of Jake seeing too late were the death of the woman he was trying to protect and no justice for Noah Cross, no change because â€Å"he owns the police†. Evelyn was shot through her flawed eye, and this could suggest that her flaw, her imperfection created by the incest between Evelyn and her father had finally consumed her. Noah Cross covers the eyes of his daughter/granddaughter Katherine, not letting her see what he’s done, â€Å"she’s never going to know † and the cycle will continue. As the film progresses, the audience uncovers clues and works alongside Jake to solve the mystery. The image system of blindness vs. seeing both aids Jake and the audience as well as hinders them as it shows us things not seen before, but often not until it’s too late. The image system of blindness vs. seeing helps to create the intricate and complex nature of the mystery and is constantly reminding the audience to look deeper, look closer because their initial assumptions may not be correct. This image system creates the idea of covering up the truth because maybe things are better left alone, maybe by uncovering the truth, we are creating more problems with deadly consequences, and maybe we should â€Å"forget it it’s Chinatown. †

Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane Sample

Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane Paper Tissue from an onion is a good first exercise in using he microscope and viewing plant cells. The cells are easily visible under a microscope and the preparation of a thin section is straight forward. An onion is made of layers, each separated by a thin skin or membrane. In this exercise you will make a wet mount on a microscope slide and look at the cells of the onion membrane magnified by the high power, compound microscope. We also can observe the actual structure of plant cells which consists of nucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell wall etc. This experiment indicates the transport across membrane in plant cells when involving water through osmosis. Materials and methods : Materials I Apparatus I Onion Distilled waterfall sugar/sucrose I Small knife Glass slipcover oscilloscope Filter paramagnetic stirrer/stirring arthropods Beakers (250 ml 500 mi) I l. Scale off carefully the epidermal layer of an onion and place it on a drop of distilled water on the glass slide. II. Lower down the glass cover slowly on the epidermal layer using the needle. Ill. Examine the onion cells through the microscope. IV. Draw the structure of the onion cells as observed under microscope. V. Remove the distilled water using filter paper. VI. Place a drop of 5% (w/v) sucrose solution at a side of the cover slip and draw the solution across the epidermal layer by placing filter paper on the other side of cover slip. VII. Examine the onion cells once again through the microscope. Draw the structure of the onion cells as observed under microscope. VIII. Repeat step (v vii) using 30% (w/v) sucrose solution. IX. Compare the structure of onion cells in solutions at different concentrations. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Tansport Across Membrane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Results : The onion cells in distilled water under microscope I The onion cells in 5% (w/v) sucrose solution under microscope I The onion cells in 30% (w/v) sucrose solution under microscope I Discussion : In this experiment we had done 3 different solutions to see the effects of these solutions with plant cells (onion cells). For hypotonic solution (distilled water), because of the different pressure water moves into the cell by osmosis is faster or we can also say pressure potential is higher. Thus it caused the cell to swell without bursting due to the presence of cell wall. The increased pressure pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall and the cell becomes turgid. For isotonic elution (5% (w/v) sucrose solution), water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate hence there is no net movement of water. In the other term solute potential is equal to pressure potential. The cell retains its shape. On the other hand, for hypersonic solution (30% (w/v) sucrose solution), water moves out from the cell by osmosis, the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall and the cell becomes flaccid. Its the same as solute potential is higher in other terms. In this situation, the cell is said to be polymerase. Experiment 2 : The purpose of doing this experiment is to determine the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypersonic solutions to potato cells. From a brief opinion we can conclude the hypothesis ; the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap does not affect the size, shape and mass of the potato strips. Particularly in this experiment we have to use a specific formula to calculate percentage change in the mass of potato strips. Given formula : Percentage change = Final mass Initial mass x 100 Initial mass This is because, the easiest way to observe the changes occur to the potato strips was to weigh the initial mass and its final mass after being put into the three illusions. Material and methods : Potato Table salt/Inaccessibility water Small knife Penchant digital balanced Vials Beakers (250 ml 500 ml )Magnetic stirrer/stirring radiation I l. Slice your potato into sticks that 4-6 CM long and 1 CM diameter. Record their initial weight (g) in 2 decimal places, e. G: 3. 15 g. II. Prepare 4 vials with different salt solutions: 10% (w/v) Nasal, 3. 5% (w/v) Nasal, 0. 88% (w/v) Nasal, and distilled water. Ill. Put one potato stick into each solution. Record the weight of the potato sticks again after 20 min. Calculate the change in weight: final wet. Initial wet. IV. Calculate the percentage of water gain or loss as follow: V. % weight change = Final Wet- Initial Wet x 100 Initial Wet Salt concentration I Initial weight of potato stick (g) I Final weight of potato stick (g) I Change in weight (g) Change in weight (%) I Rank relative Water loss or gain | Nasal | 0. 88 | 0. 76 | -0. 12 13. 6 Loss 3. % Nasal | 0. 88 | 0. 83 | -0. 05 5. 68 Loss 0. 88% Ana | 0. 88 0. 88 +0. 00 | 0. 00 | No change I Distilled Water | 0. 88 | 0. 97 | +0. 09 | 10. 2 | Gain I The data table for long stick potato gain | Niacin | 0. 28 | 0. 26 | -0. 02 7. 14 | 3. % Nasal | 0. 28 | 0. 24 | -0. 04 14. 3 Loss I 0. 88% Nasal | 0. 28 0. 28 +0. 00 | 0. 00 | No change I Distilled Water | 0. 28 | 0 . 36 | +0. 08 | 28. 6 | Gain I The data table for short stick potato In this experiment , potato cells were put into four different solution concentrations which are distilled water, 10% (w/v), 3% (w/v) and 0. 88% (w/v) of sodium chloride. The concentration of the external solution (0. 88% (w/v) sodium chloride) which is isotonic to the cell sap of the potato cell will not produce any percentage change in the mass of the potato. The water moves in and out of the ell at the same rate and the potato strip remains turgid. We can also conclude that the solute potential is equal to pressure potential. In distilled water, the potato strips become longer and increased in mass. The potato strips are hypotonic when immersed in distilled water. The rate water moves into the cells are faster then water moves out thus the pressure potential is higher. In solution with the concentration of 3. 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) of sodium chloride, the potato cells become smaller and least in mass. The potato strips are hypersonic when immersed in these concentrations. The rate of water that eves out from the cells are faster then rate of water that moves into the cells hence the solute potential is higher. Experiment 3 : The osmotic gradient is the difference in concentration between two solutions on either side of a comparable membrane, and is used to tell the difference in percentages of the concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution. Usually the osmotic gradient is used while comparing solutions that have a comparable membrane between them allowing water to diffuse between the two solutions, toward the hypersonic solution (the solution with the higher concentration). Eventually, the force of the column of water on the hypersonic side of the comparable membrane will equal the force of diffusion on the hypotonic (the side with a lesser concentration) side, creating equilibrium. When equilibrium is reached, water continues to flow, but it flows both ways in equal amounts as well as force, therefore stabilizing the solution. Osmosis is the diffusion of molecules from where they are abundant to where they are scarce through a semi permeable membrane. In red blood cells, this semi permeable membrane is the cell membrane. If red blood cells were placed in a solution abundant with water molecules, they would diffuse into the cells through the membrane Materials and Methods : Distilled water 4. 0% (w/v) Nasal 0. 5% (w/v) Niacin I Glass slide Cover slip Microscope Test tubes Cotton Lancet Beakers (250 ml 500 ml) Magnetic stirrer/stirring rod Spatula I i. Label test tubes with A, B, and C. Ii. Fill the test tube A, B, and C with 5 ml of distilled water, 4. 0 % (w/v) Nasal and 0. 85% (w/v) Nasal, respectively. Iii. Add a drop of blood into each test tube and left them for 5 min. Iv. Examine a drop of each solution under microscope. The red blood cells in distilled w ater under microscope I The red blood cells in 4. 0% (w/v) Niacin solution under microscope I The red blood cells in 0. 5% (w/v) Nasal solution under microscope I When the osmotic pressure of the solution outside the blood cells in higher than the osmotic pressure inside the red blood cells, the solution is hypersonic. The water inside the blood cells exits the cells in an attempt to equalize the osmotic pressure, causing the cells to shrink. When the osmotic pressure outside the red blood cells is the same as the pressure inside the cells, the solution is isotonic with respect to the cytoplasm. This is the USUal condition of red blood cells in plasma. The cells are normal.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEMThe nervous system is composed of trillions of nerve cells, as well as other cells which maintain and support the nerve cells. The scientific name for a nerve cell is a neuron. Neurons function electrically to create thought and action in our bodies. Without nerve cells, human life would not, and could not be. Most of the cells which maintain and support neurons are glial cells. The word "glial" means glue. Glial cells not only maintain and support neurons, they serve as glue to keep them in place.Neurons have a cell body, which like all cell bodies, is called a soma. Protruding from the soma are many nerve fibers. There are two kinds of nerve fibers, axons and dendrites. Axons are very long nerve fibers which send electro-chemical messages to other neurons or to glands and muscles to create action in them. Dendrites are short nerve fibers which receive electro-chemical information from the axon of other nerve cells.A typical nerve cell has several dendrites, but only o ne axon. When neurons are linked and bundled together to form and electrical line of conduction, they are called nerves. When neurons have specialized in detecting environmental events, they are called sensory receptors. The rods and cones of the eye and taste buds, for example, are specialized neurons.Since neurons and their nerve fibers communicate with each other electrically, many of the fibers require insulation to function properly. Those nerve fibers which are insulated are insulated with fatty substances called myelin sheath and neurolemma, and are white in appearance. Those which are not insulated are gray in appearance. Insulation permits the nervous system to exercise fine control over muscles. The reason that babies cannot smile or move precisely at birth is that the insulation for their nerve fibers is not...

Rujm el-Hiri (Golan Heights) - Ancient Observatory

Rujm el-Hiri (Golan Heights) - Ancient Observatory Sixteen kilometers east of the Sea of Galilee in the western part of the historic Bashan plain of the Golan Heights (a contested area claimed by both Syria and Israel) are the ruins of a most unusual structure, which scholars believe was built at least in part for archaeoastronomical purposes. Located at 515 meters above sea level, Rujm el-Hiri consists of a central cairn with a set of concentric rings encircling it. Built during the late Chalcolithic or Early Bronze Age about 5000 years ago, Rujm el-Hiri (also called Rogem Hiri or Gilgal Rephaim) is made of an estimated 40,000 tons of uncut black volcanic basalt field stones piled and wedged into between five and nine concentric rings (depending on how you count them), with heights reaching to 1 to 2.5 meters (3-8 feet) high. Nine Rings at Rujm el-Hiri The outermost, largest ring (Wall 1) measures 145 meters (475 feet) east-west and 155 m (500 ft) north-south. The wall measures consistently between 3.2-3.3 m (10.5-10.8 ft) thick, and in places stands up to 2 m (6 ft) in height. Two openings into the ring are currently blocked by fallen boulders: the northeastern measures some 29 m (95 ft) wide; the southeastern opening measures 26 m (85 ft). Not all of the internal rings are complete; some of them are more oval than Wall 1, and in particularly, Wall 3 has a pronounced bulge to the south. Some of the rings are connected by a series of 36 spoke-like walls, which make up chambers, and seem to be randomly spaced. At the center of the innermost ring is a cairn protecting a burial; the cairn and burial come after the initial construction of the rings by perhaps as long as 1500 years. The cairn is an irregular stone heap measuring some 20-25 m (65-80 ft) in diameter and 4.5-5 m (15-16 ft) in height. Dating the Site Very few artifacts have been recovered from Rujm el-Hiri, and no suitable organic materials have been recovered for radiocarbon dating. Based on what little artifacts were recovered, the earliest constructions were the rings during the Early Bronze Age, of the 3rd millennium BC; the cairn was built during the late Bronze Age of the late 2nd millennium. The huge structure (and a series of dolmens nearby) may be the origin of the myths of the ancient race of giants, mentioned in the Old Testament of the Judeo-Christian bible as led by Og, King of the Bashan. Archaeologists Yonathan Mizrachi and Anthony Aveni, studying the structure since the late 1980s, have another possible interpretation: a celestial observatory. Summer Solstice at Rujm el Hiri Recent work by Aveni and Mizrachi has noted that the entranceway to the center opens on sunrise of the summer solstice. Other notches in the walls indicate the spring and fall equinoxes. Excavations into the walled chambers did not recover artifacts indicating that the rooms were ever used either for storage or residence. Calculations of when the astronomical alignments would have matched stars supports the dating of the rings at having been built at about 3000 BC /- 250 years. The walls at Rujm el-Hiri seem to have pointed to star-risings for the period, and may have been predictors of the rainy season, a crucial bit of information for the sheep herders of the Bashan plain in 3000 BC. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Astronomical Observatories, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Aveni, Anthony and Yonathan Mizrachi 1998 The Geometry and Astronomy of Rujm el-Hiri, a Megalithic Site in the Southern Levant. Journal of Field Archaeology 25(4):475-496. Polcaro A, and Polcaro VF. 2009. Man and sky: problems and methods of Archaeoastronomy. Archeologia e Calcolatori 20:223-245. Neumann F, Schà ¶lzel C, Litt T, Hense A, and Stein M. 2007. Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Golan heights (Near East). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 16(4):329-346.

The Economics of Airlines and airport Case Study

The Economics of Airlines and airport - Case Study Example It was approved by the Government on the basis of figures that were provided by Oxford Economic Forecasting in two reports commissioned by the aviation industry, and which projected economic benefit to the UK of 5 billion pounds over a period of 70 years (BBC report). The benefits from the use of all existing runways before expansion was estimated to be 6.7 billion pounds, with costs being 1.9 billion pounds and net benefits being 4.9 billion pounds.(Dept of T, 2003). Estimated investments made into Heathrow were 3599 million in the last ten years, with projected investments over the next ten years being 6398 million, with a net economic contribution of 5 billion pounds to the economy(www.heathrowairport.com). In the graph above, Series 1 represents the total benefits of the construction, Series 2 represents the costs associated with the construction, while Series 3 represents the new benefits of the construction. The Government finally commissioned one new terminal at Heathrow airport, which has just become functional and this expansion was justified on the basis of the projected gains of 5 billion pounds. ... Estimated investments made into Heathrow were 3599 million in the last ten years, with projected investments over the next ten years being 6398 million, with a net economic contribution of 5 billion pounds to the economy(www.heathrowairport.com). However, with the expansion of Heathrow airport to include one additional terminal, the economic benefits were projected as follows: (Source: DT, 2003). In the graph above, Series 1 represents the total benefits of the construction, Series 2 represents the costs associated with the construction, while Series 3 represents the new benefits of the construction. The Government finally commissioned one new terminal at Heathrow airport, which has just become functional and this expansion was justified on the basis of the projected gains of 5 billion pounds. The arguments that have been advanced suggest that an expansion of Heathrow through the additional terminal will contribute to better management of passenger traffic and provide effective transportation with other European airports, which are emerging as attractive destinations (www.stopheathrowexpansion.com). But a Report on the Heathrow expansion questions whether it is really necessary and concludes that the competitiveness of the airport will not necessarily be impacted negatively without it (www.stopheathrowexpansion.com). Social and Environmental aspects The Department of Transport in 2000, produced forecasts for air traffic and according to this, there are likely to be 400 million passengers per

Building and construction Safety Technology Assignment

Building and construction Safety Technology - Assignment Example The paper tells that the construction workers are the people who will be using the hoist frequently, and therefore more likely to be injured by the hoist. To avoid accidents that might be caused by their negligence, it is important for them to be trained on how to use the hoist and some safety precautions. A material hoist should be manually controlled by a well trained operator so as to ensure safety of other workers lacking the technical knowhow of a material hoist operation. All the workers should be provided with a simple list of do’s and don’ts safety information to reduce the risk of self injury due to carelessness. The material hoist must be designed in such a way that it is enclosed in a compartment which has openings on each floor which will act as doors. Each opening should have a landing plate which will clutch the hoist when loading and offloading. The material hoist motor should have a speed governor and an equipment to measure the weight of the load being lifted. The maximum weight to be lifted by the hoist should be effectively communicated to the workers responsible for loading the hoist to avoid overloading. The lubrication of the bearings and gears should be as often as possible to avoid friction and wearing out of joints and wheels. This will also ensure that the hoist motor is not overloaded and reduce the risk of malfunction. The material hoist should be suspended from steel wire ropes of highest possible quality which corresponds with the weight to be lifted. ... This will also ensure that the hoist motor is not overloaded and reduce the risk of malfunction. The material hoist should be suspended from steel wire ropes of highest possible quality which corresponds with the weight to be lifted. The steel wires should have an allowance for environmental factors such as cold and hot weathers which cause expansion and contraction of the ropes. If overstretched, the ropes may break during cold seasons. A number of steel ropes should be used so that when one breaks others hold the hoist before repair is done (Craighead 210). The minimum diameter of the steel ropes should not be less than 8 millimeters. Other requirements Sound reduction is one of the emerging trends in the field of escalators. The sound of a material hoist should be as low as possible therefore increasing the ability to identify a problem with the hoist when it arises. Sound reducing rubber pads should be installed to eliminate noise and vibrations that might otherwise cause weakeni ng of the beam and the hoist’s frame work. It is recommendable to use stainless steel for the material hoist housing since it has a relatively small weight and yet high capacity of not getting torn apart when lifting heavy loads. Unless stated otherwise, stainless steel should be of EN 10029, EN 10048, EN 10095, EN 10259 or EN 10258 grades 316 or corresponding. Question2. Crane Safety Precautions A crane should be properly maintained and repaired when damaged to avoid its malfunctioning while lifting loads. Before a crane can be employed to lift iron bars, its capacity should be considered. A crane which has a low capacity to lift the weight of the iron bars should not be used; otherwise it may cause injury to those operating it. The hoist rating of the crane should be

College Graduation Essay Example for Free

College Graduation Essay I had been waiting for this morning to come for four years. In a few hours it came and went, but it was an important time in my life. Graduation day was the end of one life and the beginning of a new life with different problems, worries and joys. While walking in the theater, I had seen hundreds of parents, grandparents, children, and even alumni students’. My family was there, excited and cheering for me because I had finally made it. I was backstage getting ready for the walk on stage and thinking that I had finally reached the one day that would end college life and start a new life in the workplace. The time came for all the graduates to line up and start heading on stage to begin the ceremony. The walk to the podium seemed to take forever, as if we were waiting in line at Cedar Point. I just wanted to get my college degree, and get the day over with, but we had to wait for the band to start playing as well as the Valedictorians and Salutatorians to begin. I was excited and scared at the same time because I knew that once I walked across that stage everything would be different. The sound of the cheering, the stately music, the solemn atmosphere, and the joy of the students all play a part in creating this spectacle. It had represented the culmination of years of our hard work, careful planning, and studiousness. We must say goodbye to the fun and excitement of college days and enter the real world. As graduates, we’re reminded of duty to uphold and the finest traditions of the university and act in a spirit of honesty and integrity. During the graduation exercise I became bored. Crazy thoughts started roaming through my head while sitting there. Such as; â€Å"oh my god† I hope I don’t trip and fall in these six inch black heels, I’m nervous; hundredths of people will be staring as I walk across that stage. Just before I knew it; Good morning staff, parents, and fellow graduates. This year, you seniors have come a long way, Ms. Pierce, our vice president at the university, droned into the microphone. Ms. Pierce is a tall, thick, brown-skinned woman, who Ive always known throughout my four years there at the university. As she went on babbling about how proud she was, and how hard wed worked, all I could think about was how I had longed for this moment to finally come, I was still somewhat startled and amazed by this brilliant event. This eventually brought small joyful tears to my eyes. Just a few days earlier, I had been counting down the days to graduation. Only two days left before graduation, and four weeks and four days left until summer! I shouted out as I began marking off the May days in my calendar. Waiting to be called up then all of a sudden I heard: Tamar Perryman, with a loud applause and smiling faces of excitement. Walking up to get my degree as well as shaking the vice presidents hand with a firm grip. Finally I had overcome my fear and accepted my bachelor’s degree! About an hour later, our graduating class threw our caps up. As a sign of excitement, It was now time to party afterwards; I and some of my other classmates went from one friend party to the next following the commencement. When walking towards the backyard I had smelled barbeque from the grill, and boy did it smelled delicious. My stomach started to growl and I knew that was a sign to hurry and smash. I also noticed the beautiful dandelions off by the side of the garage. Picnics tables were set with decorated signs that read â€Å"Congrats you’ve made it† balloons were pinned up, soft music was playing from the garage Adults were gathered around taking pictures with friends and family. Several parents’ and grandparents’ attend to share their excitement as well, gifts were brought from office supplies to home house ware appliances. By midnight I was extremely tired from what a long day, I knew today would be a memory that I would never forget about while lying in my queen size sleigh bed. Before dozing off to sleep, I started thinking about what hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities I was going to apply to first thing in the morning.

Pride in Oedipus and Othello Essay -- compare contrast

Pride in Oedipus and Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In literature, the tragic heroes Oedipus and Othello allow the pride they have to cause their own demise by putting too much emphasis on the lives they have created for themselves. Oedipus, who blinds himself after finding out he has killed his birth father and married his birth mother, refuses to believe he has truly fulfilled his fate because he is so proud of what he has accomplished since he left Corinth. Othello demonstrates his pride by believing that the people closest to him would never betray him because of his powerful position as a General of the armies in Venice. Both characters example of hubris, or excessive pride, causes the downfall in their lives, which eventually leads to life-long blindness for Oedipus and death for Othello.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A first glimpse of Oedipus’ pride is seen when he is speaking to the prophet Teiresias and refuses to believe he is actually responsible for killing the previous king of Thebes who happens to be his father. Teiresias tells Oedipus multiple times that his fate has been fulfilled and that Oedipus really did murder Laà ¯os, however Oedipus is unbelieving of what Teiresias has to say. â€Å"Teiresias: I say that you are the murder whom you seek. Oedipus: Now twice you have spat out infamy! You’ll pay for it! Teiresias: Would you care for more? Do you wish to be really angry? Oedipus: Say what you will. Whatever you say is worthless. Teiresias: I say you live in hideous shame with those most dear to you. You can not see the evil† (Sophocles 171 lines 144-159). Teiresias blatantly tells Oedipus the truth of what is happening around him, and Oedipus dismisses all he says. Oedipus’ pride blinds him to all the evidence that points to him as the murderer of his own father. When Iocastà ª tells Oedipus the details of Laà ¯os’s murder, Oedipus is too ignorant to see that he was the one who murdered the previous king and placed a curse upon himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oedipus: I solemnly forbid the people of this country, where power and throne   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  are mine, ever to receive that man or speak to him, no matter who he is, or let him   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  join in sacrifice, lustration, or in prayer. I decree that he be driven from every   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  house, being, as he is, corruption itself to us: the Delphic Voice of Zeus has   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pronounced this revelation. Thus I associate myself with the oracle and take the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  side ... ...is pride, he doesn’t want people to know that he killed his wife out of jealousy that was fabricated by a jealous man. He wants people to believe that it was his love that caused the murder; that he loved too much and not that he was really trying to avenge his pride and save himself from realizing he has lost everything he worked so hard to earn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pride caused the death of 2 innocent people in Othello; however, Oedipus becoming blind and having to live with the mistakes he made is a fate worse than death. A tragic flaw seen in both characters is the amount of pride each one possesses. Both men had the opportunity to be ordinary and to be able to get by, yet that was not good enough for either of them. Oedipus and Othello felt they could achieve more than what was put in front of them and in the process of becoming great men; they unfortunately meet their end. It is proven through Oedipus and Othello that pride is not a bad thing when it is used appropriately; however, too much pride can ruin not just one life, but also the many lives that are surrounded by that one life. By putting too much emphasis on their lives, Othello and Oedipus are responsible for their own demise.

Strengths Paper

â€Å" A good objective of leadership is to help those who are doing poorly to do well and to help those who are doing well to do even better. †~ Jim Rohn Throughout history, people have needed leaders to help them handle certain situations and work through problems. Anybody can become a leader, but first they must determine what their strengths are. There is now a test that one can take online that outlines their five top strengths and explains in detail what each one means. It varies for each person that takes it, but my top five strengths are achiever, adaptability, strategic, restorative, and relator.The first of my strengths is achiever. This means that whenever I start something, I like to finish it and generally do whatever it takes to reach that goal. My second strength, adaptability, in a way, ties into the first one. Adaptability means being able to approach problems from different angles and finding new ways to complete things when one idea doesn't work. I feel like these two strengths relate to me pretty well. I do not like to leave projects open ended whenever I start them and I'm usually pretty good at ‘rolling with the punches. These two allow me to tackle situations in a variety of ways and leave me with plenty of the proverbial â€Å"plan B's† in case any of the first attempts do not work properly. My third strength, strategic, also aids my ability to work through problems. This particular strength allows me to think about the situation fully before jumping into it. Once I figure out what's happening, I can come up with a plan that best suites the circumstances and work on accomplishing it. By nature, I have found out that I more of a planner.I like to lay things out in my head before I start so things run more smoothly once I begin, which works well with my strategic strength. The last two strengths, restorative and relator, confused me for a little bit. I can put myself into other people's shoes easily and I would much rat her mend my broken relationships than burn those bridges, but I wouldn't necessarily put them into my top five. It's not a bad thing by any means, though! As a whole, these five strengths work well together nicely and, in a certain situation, could play off of each other in a very effective way!For example, let's say that I worked at a burger joint downtown. Well, everyone gets hungry and the need to eat usually overwhelms any other feeling that one could have. So, here's the scene: it's a hot summer day and after classes, I decide that I'm going to go get some free food at the restaurant that I work at. Walking in, I know what I want to achieve: I want a big, juicy burger with mustard, ketchup, tomatoes, pickles, onions, and cheese with a side of fresh onion rings. I grill the burger, pull out the buns, and head to the fridge to grab all the condiments.I generally only like to make one trip, so I carry all the items to the table where my burger is waiting. Little did I know that so meone had spilled Coke earlier in the day! As I slip on the spill, the pickles and ketchup fall to the tile in the kitchen and shatter. I have to adapt to the new situation, so I come up with a new strategy. Banana peppers and a little bit of mayo would fill in for the dropped items nicely! I bring all the items over to the table and restore what could have been a disaster.I can now take my delicious lunch outside, find someone that I can relate to, and have a conversation over fresh burgers and crispy onion rings. Everybody has the potential to be a leader. Before they assume this responsibility though, it is best that they find out what their top strengths are so that they can benefit a larger amount of people more effectively through their actions. For me, my top strengths are achiever, adaptability, strategic, restorative, and relator. With these, I can figure out problems, find out ways to solve them, get others input on the subject, and come out of the situation intact.

Importance of Space Exploration

Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology. [1] Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft. While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. Various criticisms of space exploration are sometimes made. The Importance of Space Exploration Outer space is the provider of an endless source of questions for scientists. Its enormous proportions are seemingly endless and interesting, and the knowledge garnered on the subject is very commonly well received by the supporting public. Nowadays in a time where economic recession is threatening to cut the funding necessary for space travel, how can we justify it? On the positive side of things, space exploration helps scientists answer a lot of earths' questions. That is a definite pro. Space exploration has proven immensely helpful in determining the theories of where earth came from, like the Big Bang. It also helped scientists single out what elements need to be present for an environment to sustain life. This can prove invaluable, especially if humans do end up completely destroying earth. We need that knowledge in order to find a new planet, right? Hopefully it won't come to that. Space explorations' biggest pro is that it has given scientists content and examples to compare our earth to. This makes it easier to answer questions that would prove to be almost undecipherable otherwise, without thousands if not millions of years of study. Also, the invention of technology used in space exploration was essential for the advancement and development of many helpful technologies widely used today. In other words, without space exploration we would know a lot less. Now, on the other side of the argument, a con of space exploration is that while being focused on the far reaches of the galaxy scientists neglect what we should be studying right here on earth. Oceans make up the largest percentage of our planet yet we know less about the deep sea than we do about stars thousands of miles away. Space exploration has produced technology which can take humans to the inhospitable vacuum on the moon, yet there is not too much thought or effort going into exploring the deepest sea trenches, even though there is now proof that life exists down there. All this fascination and funding going to finding life in outer space while the actual life on the darkest corners of our own planet goes unstudied. Space exploration is also responsible for producing thousands of jobs. There are people needed for all sorts of tasks involving the complicated process of exploring the galaxies. Of course, those jobs would probably exist too if the preferred field of exploration were to be the oceans. This brings about the money issue, which might be its biggest con. Space exploration and all its technological advances come at a very high price. However, it was money well spent until now that government is undergoing major budget cuts to abate financial crisis. Which is more important, knowledge or health care? This is unarguably a big concern. When weighing the pros and cons of space exploration, it is all a matter of relativity. Science should pay more attention to our own planet before focusing on others, but it is undeniably a fact that focusing on those others through space exploration has helped us understand earth a whole lot better.

Words for our times - Emphasis

Words for our times Words for our times The latest version of the Collins English Dictionary has just been published, with some interesting new additions, including iPlayer, mankini (after Borats legendary garment), and Twitter. The words that officially enter the language no doubt reflect the influences and preoccupations of our times. So, after looking over this years new entries, I couldnt help but wonder: is the future of English completely ruled by television and technology? Well, not completely. The explosion of the social media trend definitely makes its mark: from the names of key sites to phonetically spelled words and phrases (surely more likely to be instant messaged than looked up) such as heh heh, mwah and soz. However, our cultures growing bent towards greener living is also represented, so we find out that an ecolodge is a sustainable hotel, and to be carborexic is to be a person obsessed with reducing their carbon footprint. Our fascination with celebrity-inspired trends combines neatly with the reality of living in the current economy in the word frugalista: a person who tries to stay fashionably dressed on a budget. This does beg the question: does anyone actually use these words? Or have the writers at Collins just been having fun making them up? Still, the question of technologys power over the way we write (and speak) could be greater than we realise. As a society increasingly melded to our PCs, iPhones and MacBooks, our use of grammar could come to be ruled by Microsoft Words occasionally erratic placing of squiggly lines. But thats another story

Analysing The Universality Of Human Rights Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Universality Of Human Rights Philosophy Essay Abstract:This paper aims to critically study and assess the different perspectives on the universality of human rights,and locate the position of the perspectives according to Dembour’s four schools of thoughts. The perspectives of human rights on cultural divesity and linguistic diversity have also been emphasized upon here. Universality of Human Rights & its Different Pespectives Human Rights are rights that one is entitled to enjoy simply because of thefact that he is a human being. These are equal and inalienable for all , and cannot be denied to anyone human in nature and form. Thus they are Universal in nature, and function as a legitimate standard for a political system. This ofcourse willlead to a discussion of being ‘human’ and enjoying the human rights(Donelly 2003). Being Human beings, everyone deserves to enjoy certain rights after fulfilling certain obligations to the society. These fulfillment of obligations are based on morality of the people as an individual and as a class, judged by the society at large and then being endowed with certain privileges to be enjoyed in the form of Political rights. Rectitude and entitlement, the two aspects of a right, are directed towards a preset standard of conduct, which bings forth the duty and obligation that an individual is expected to perform, and calls for individual and universal attention towards righteousness . Performance of this duty entitles the individual to enjoy the et of privileges in the form of a ‘right’. To have a right to something, makes one entltled to own the sole authority to enjoy it, denial or repression of which entitles one to have special claim for justice. Rights enjoyed by one cannot be reduced because it clashes with correlative duties of another, neither can it be reduced for enjoying a benefit. Hence, rights give authority to its holders , and not just benefits( Donelly 2003). Rights are meant to be exercised, enjoyed, respected, and enforced. These are the four principle dimensions of a right. Respecting ones rights gives other the privelege of enjoying and asserting his own rights, otherwise it is liable to be questioned , threatened or denied. A violation of a right is an injustice doneto someone, and is subject to distinctive force and remedial logic(Donelly 2003). Ludwig Wittgenstein, the analytical philosopher propagated that a concept should not be defined by what one thinks it means , but by its meaning and practice in everyday life. One should rather analyse facts on the basis of observation, rather than thinking. This led to the introduction of his concept of Family Resemblance The concept of Human rights when approached through the family resemblance matrix, highlight the following factors: Morality Their existence disregarding social recognition Possessed by every human being Their arbitrariness Emergence through political and social struggle Their usage for political communication Servitude to bourgeois Basis on human nature Bear a socio-legal concensus Ability toget transformed into legal rights ( Dembour 2006). Dembour argues that , although most people believe in the combination of the first three factors as the essential element of the concept of Human Rights, or that human rights exist irrespective of bein having social recognition as every man is deemed to enjoy it being human beings as the rights are framed on the basis of human nature, it should not be assumed that it rests on a socio- legal consensus, or bears arbitrariness in its state. He believes that Human Rights have come into existence as result of force of language use, and believes that they would cease to exist if conversation ordiscussions about them die down Different competingconcepts of Human rights exist inthe society,and people fight to establish their own opinions disregarding others. Donelly’s concept og Human Rights though is encouraging for many, but highlight some political or intellectual inadequacie s in termsof moral integrity in his book Universal Rights in Theory and Practice. Harsher’s Philosphy Of Human Rights points out that Human Rights demands that every single individual’s dignity is considered in an existing political norm, where one individual’s security of Human Rights leads to the security of another , mankifesting this security to an indefinite expanse and time in the society(Dembour 2006).

Field Trip # 1 Market Segmentation - Cereal and Toothpast Essay

Field Trip # 1 Market Segmentation - Cereal and Toothpast - Essay Example o Apple Cinnamon Cereal, Total Cereal, Sunbelt Fruit and Nut Granola Cereal, Wheaties Cereals, ShopRite Scrunch Crunchy cereals-16Oz, Fiber One Original Bran Cereal and Erew Rice Twice (Athanassopoulos 15). There are two market segments targeted by the supermarket. They are looking at their customers on two segmentations. The first is done according to demographic such as gender, age, and social class and the second is based on lifestyles such as retired couples, urban professionals, and singles among others. Market segmentation helps the management of the supermarket to identify target customers and to know what motivates them to purchase the cereals. By undertaking market segmentation, it is possible for the supermarket to ensure every single detail of the product, including the size, taste, and price will appeal the target market. The cereals have been strategically positioned over the counter in three levels, the top, middle, and bottom. The lower level cereals are targeted for children, the middle for the youth and other adults, but the top level is strategically poisoned for adults. The store has two-market segmentation strategy that it is using to meet the needs and demands of the clients. The first is geographic segmentation. This is done based on urban, population factor and region. In order to meet the target population the store has a mobile van that takes the products from a house-to-house basis. The second segmentation is demographic segmentation. This is done based on age, sex, gender, and social status. There are several reasons for taking part in the segmentation process. The main reason the store takes this step is to ensure its clients get quality product in the right form and time. For this to be possible, it has segmented the market according to region and urban factor. The other reason is that the Drug Store wishes to meet the preferences and demands of the clients according to their demographics and taste of the product. Both toothpaste

The Great Purge in the Soviet Union Research Paper

The Great Purge in the Soviet Union - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that the victims were of varied educational backgrounds as Arthur reveals in his work. Rubashov meets other inmates in solitary confinements and realizes that their drive and pattern of thoughts were little inspired by literacy. Their concerns were different, and some would not add value to the noble course that Rubashov believed. A fellow inmate desires to know about his sexual encounters, and that does not ogre well with Rubashov. The suffering and abuse underwent by these individuals are supposed to be more fruitful and shape the future of the other generations. Stalin’s regime featured many trials and was unique in the way they were conducted as they targeted leaders of the Communist Party who had serious allegations leveled against them. They were accused of responsibility for working with the fascist and liaising with capitalistic power in an attempt to have Stalin killed so that they would take power. They would be tried for other accusations regarding the desire to assassinate other Soviet leaders and possibly assume their positions. In 1938 marked the end of the great purge though there are records of committed atrocities between this period and 1953. Arrests and execution would continue until 1953. Arthur’s work would influence many as it shared some insights on the terror posed by the rivals of Stalin. The trials would have many executed and suffer in the hands of this regime. The death of intellectuals would leave the world void of the utterly needed services.

Aristarchus and Ptolemy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristarchus and Ptolemy - Essay Example Ptolemy happened to be a citizen of Egypt, between 90AD and 168AD, during the Roman times and was of Greek Origins (University of Oregon, 2012). Ptolemy was known to be a versatile personality, who happened to be a mathematician, astrologer, geographer and astronomer. Aristarchus was the first astronomer to propound the theory of heliocentricity, which regarded the sun to be a stationary star around which the earth revolved (V Archive, 2012). It was Aristarchus who calculated the diameter of the sun and estimated the volume of the sun on the basis of its diameter (V Archive, 2012). Many astronomers and physicists do believe that it was Aristarchus’ estimation of the superior volume of the sun as compared to the earth that led Aristarchus to conclude that the Sun constituted the center around which the earth revolved (V Archive, 2012). Though Aristarchus’ original treatise in which he noted down his discovery did not survive, references to his heliocentric theory do occur in the works of Archimedes (V Archive, 2012). It was Aristarchus who first proposed that the sun remained fixed and unmoved and the earth revolved around it in a circular orbit. In the history of astronomy, Ptolemy is attributed the honor of developing a comprehensive arithmetical model for accurately calculating celestial motions and astronomical phenomena (University of Oregon, 2012). Ptolemy also propounded his geocentric theory, which the astronomers popularly refer to as Ptolemaic system. Ptolemy extended varied arguments to establish the fact that the earth constituted the center of the universe, and other heavenly bodies revolved around it (University of Oregon, 2012). It was primarily owing to the Ptolemaic system that the geocentric theory gained strong grounds in the Christendom for a long time, until it was eventually replaced by the heliocentric theory propounded by Copernicus (University of Oregon, 2012)). Ptolemy is also credited

Causes of Diversity in Organisms

Causes of Diversity in Organisms In order to discuss why living organisms are so diverse it is firstly important to discuss what diversity actually is. By dictionary definition biodiversity, the diversity of living organisms, is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or a particular habitat.(Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003 revised edition). However in 1992 the definition was clarified for scientific purposes by the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It defined biodiversity as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part: this includes diversity within species, diversity between species and of ecosystems.(www.urbanecology.org.au/wikipedia) From this definition we can split biodiversity into three separate groups; intra-species and inter-species diversity as well as diversity between ecosystems. Intra-species diversity can be due to two things; an acquired adaptation or a genetic adaptation. Organisms that have adapted to their environment are efficient in maintaining the fundamentals in the continuation of the species e.g. the ability to obtain water, food and nutrients. Other examples are the ability of the organism to reproduce, or cope with varying physical conditions such as heat and light intensity and respond to any of these changes in their environments. Acquired adaptations are those in which the species changes in order to adapt to a change in the environment without any change in genetics e.g. a mutation. An example is the long neck in a giraffe. It is agreed that giraffes have a long neck because long necked giraffes have coped with their environment better then short necked giraffes. They have mated more successfully and now all giraffes have long necks due to the continual mating of long necks and without a mutation occurring. Genetic adaptations are much more complex. They occur from a mutation in the DNA which has allowed one member of the species to be more successful than the rest. This advantage has allowed them to survive and mate, passing on the trait to the next generation, which will also survive while the others die out. Since one in every ten million genes mutate there are many different types of mutations that can occur. A substitution is where a single base changes from one form to another e.g. from AGG to AGC. An insertion is when an extra base is added into the sequence meaning a change in the codon triplets for the rest of the chain. A deletion is when a section of DNA is lost completely again changing the codon triplets. The change in the codon triplets which results in a complete change in the proteins produced is termed a Frameshift. Most mutations would lead to the death any offspring the organism may produce, as the mutation will inhibit the production of vital proteins. Some mutations however are beneficial to the organism, allowing it to gain an advantage over others and survive while the others die out. An example of this would be E. Coli. adaptation to high and low temperatures. E. Coli. was cultured for 2000 generations at 37C, the internal body temperature of Humans, where E. Coli. is most active. Three E. Coli. were then taken from this sample and one cultured at 32C, the second at 37C and the third at 42C. The new cultures where then compared to the older one by forcing them to compete with one another. It was found that the sample cultured at 32C was 10% fitter than the original(it out competed it by 10%) and that the culture grown at 42C was 20 % fitter then the original. This experiment showed that new, beneficial mutations are capable of adapting to new environments in as little as 2000 generations. (Bennet, A.F., Lenski, R.E., Mittler, J.E.(1992). Evolutionary adaptation to temperature I. Fitness responses of Escherichia coli to changes in its thermal environment. Evolution, 46:16-30.) These mutations can occur in many ways. Recombination is the formation of a new allele combination in a gamete, and new allele combinations lead to a mutation. It results from the swapping of genes at the chiasmata. This is where the chromatids are able to swap over, however it is a very delicate procedure as not a single difference in nucleotides can occur or frameshifting would occur. Independent assortment is the process of randomly pairing chromosomes to produce the widest variety of gametes possible during fertilisation. This increases the likelihood of an unusual pairing occurring which may turn out to be beneficial to the species. This may combine with chromosomal swaps to massively increase variation in species. Outbreeding is when the species breeds with similar species from a different habit, to produce an offspring with the characteristics of both parents. The species from the new habitat may be resistant to diseases the original can not fight, or the old species may be able to survive conditions the new can not. When these mate, both of the new positive traits can be passed on, creating a stronger species than before, that can inhabit new environments. Gene flow is the term for the transfer of genes from one population to another. Once all these mutations have occurred it becomes a case of survival of the fittest. If a disease comes along that kills most of the population, but not those that have mutated, then the mutated individuals will breed, creating a stronger version of the species than before. The weakest die and the strongest survive, even if this means 99% of the population dies to leave the few that have mutated. Over time the population will reach its former size, with every individual resistant to the disease. This decreases the gene pool but allows the species to survive and create a new gene pool which will grow. From this example it is clear that the environment in which the organisms live controls the diversity. For example, if land forms and splits up a species into two different locations, then the two will evolve separately and form different characteristics. An example of this is Darwins Finches. These are 14 different, but closely related, species of finches. They are located on the Galapagos Islands and were discovered by Charles Darwin on his voyages. The Galapagos islands are very new islands, formed only 5 million years ago by volcanic action. A species of finch has inhabited each island, evolving from a single ancestor which would have landed on the original volcanic protrusion from the sea. Darwin noticed that each species of finch had evolved separately from the others, developing distinct features to cope with the different environments e.g. beak shape or length, depending on food available on the island.(Galapagosonline.com)

Varicella â€Zoster Virus Essay -- Health, Diseases, Chickenpox

Varicella –Zoster Virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, double standard DNA virus that belongs to the herpes virus group. Like other herpes viruses, VZV may persist in the body after primary infection .VZV is a virus exists across the globe having a high prevalence in temperate climates. It also has a high prevalence in seasons of late winter and early spring. The primary infection results in Varicella (chicken pox) whereas recurrent infection causes herpes zoster (shingles). The virus is approximately 150 to 200 nanometer in size, is the smallest of the known viruses causing herpes and lacks genes for several proteins found in HSV, which is the prototype of the alpha herpes viruses, such as glycoprotein D (Mandell et al., 2009). The virus has a high sensitivity to temperature and becomes inactivated at approximately 56-60 degrees Celsius (Arvin, 1996). If it is was exposed to such a high temperature the viral envelope would be disrupted making the virus not infectious. Varicella zoste r virus produces six or more glycoproteins, such as gB (gpII), gC (gpIV), gE (gpI), gH(gpIII), and gL, which are also expressed on the cell membranes during viral replication (Arvin, 1996). The gE protein is produced abundantly in VZV. The gB protein is the target of neutralizing antibodies and may play a role in virus entry. The gH protein appears to have fusion function, facilitating cell –to-cell spread of the virus. The prevention of the spread of VZV is difficult because contagious persons can go 1 – 2 days without signs and symptoms (Arvin, 1996). VZV is transmitted by respiratory droplets or direct contact with rash lesions, and patients are usually contagious from a few days before rash onset until the rash has crusted over. VZV enters the body throu... ...l VZV infection (chickenpox) can contract chickenpox from someone with recurrent infection (shingles). In such cases, transmission occurs during exposure when the rash is in the blister-phase, not through sneezing or coughing. Treatments that are available consist of antiviral therapy such as acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir (Stoppler, 2011). These antivirals help the severity of varicella and herpes zoster. An important vaccine that is available for people over the age of 60 is called Zostavax. Zostavax is available in the market which can reduce the risk of shingles (Stoppler, 2011). It is a live vaccine that boosts the immune system, provides protections against the virus and it complications. It has shown to reduce the risk of shingles by half in older individuals and also reduces the severity and length of disease in those who still develop shingles.

Systems Analysis and Design

ACME Financial is a fast growing company that owes part of its growth to several recent acquisitions. ACME Financial now wants to consolidate the companies’ information technology resources to eliminate redundancy and share information among the new companies. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has oversight responsibility for the project and has hired Client/Servers R Us to develop the architecture for the new corporate information system. Joe Consultant of C/S R Us presented 3 client/server designs to the CIO and is requesting the CIO to select one.The CIO is not sure which middleware design is best for the company’s goals. The CIO has asked Chris Consultant to present the advantages and disadvantages for each of the alternatives. Background ACME Financial Incorporated (AF Inc. ) is an investment banking company that provides an on-line service that allows their clients to access account and market information. ACME Financial Inc. recently acquired several small and medium sized companies throughout the country, each with their own financial and accounting systems.Almost all of the companies have developed their own application software for their analysts’ use in their daily jobs, but only a few provided on-line account service. The analytical tools rely on near-real time market data and historical market data. The CIO wants to consolidate the financial and accounting information into a corporate information system that can support decision support applications for corporate management. Naturally, since the computer hardware is different for different companies, the CIO expects to upgrade the hardware to accommodate the new Information Technology (IT) system.The CIO will select the best analytical software as the standard software used by all company analysts. Each local site will be expected to provide an on-line service for their customers. Customers will be given the necessary application software to access their account information. Finally, ACME Financial has developed special data mining software that gives them a competitive advantage. AF Inc. offers their customers investment advice based on the information derived by the data mining software.Each account manager receives the information and then provides tailored recommendations  to each customer based on their portfolio. System Requirements The following list of system requirements reflects the system’s priorities (listed roughly in order of priority): 1. Availability: The CIO’s number one priority is high availability. AF Inc. markets their reliability and feels that most clients choose them for their dependability. The CIO wants to maximize the system’s availability. To achieve high availability, if a regional office cannot provide support then a customer must always have access to the on-line service through a different office. 2.Data Integrity: The requirement for data integrity varies within the system. The most important data are customer’s transactions. It is essential that a customer’s transaction is never lost and the system must guarantee that each transaction is completed. In contrast, data lost from the high data rate inputs, such as Reuter’s and the NYSE, are easily recovered during the each broadcast so it is not critical if some data are lost during a broadcast. 3. Performance: Financial markets are highly volatile; time sensitivity of data is measured in minutes. Millions can be lost if information is delayed getting to the analysts.The system must be able to support information broadcast throughout the network. 4. Security: The CIO is concerned about the security of the data mining software and the information produced by the data mining software. The Chief Executive Officer thinks the data mining information software provides a competitive advantage for the company. If an unauthorized user had access to the information they could steal the data mining applications or stea l the information produced by the data mining software. In either case, the perpetrator could make the same investment recommendations as AF Inc. account managers.Therefore, if competitors had access to the information the results could be financially devastating to the company. The CIO is concerned that a competitor could pose as a customer and hack into the highly sensitive information through his on-line service account. 5. Growth: The CIO envisions an incremental migration process to install the new system due to the magnitude of the change. Also, he expects that AF Inc. will continue to grow and acquire more companies. The CIO wants to be able to develop more application software as new customer services are added. The CIO also wants to add more near-real time information sources to  the system. 6.Backup and Recovery: The CIO understands that the system will encounter problems from time to time. A key factor in determining the system’s success is how quickly the system can recover from a failure. Backup and recovery must be smooth and non-disruptive. One way to ensure that the system can easily recover from a system crash is to make sure the data is duplicated elsewhere on the system. The corporate database is the primary back up for each of the regional offices. Configuration Each local office (Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest) has accesses a regional information hub.Local offices use client software to access the local application server. These application servers access the local databases for almost all of the information needed on a daily basis. For access to information needed less frequently the application software should access the central database at corporate headquarters. Each regional database has only the subset of information that is relevant for its area, whereas the corporate headquarters maintains all of the information from each region as well as data that is unique to corporate applications, such as additional accoun ting and company financial information.The corporate office is also responsible for the data mining software and information. Each of the regional databases is connected with high capacity links to the corporate database. Finally, the corporate office receives information from Reuter’s, NYSE, NASDAQ, and other financial markets. The information flow fluctuates daily from 30 – 40 KBps to 4 – 5 MBps. Twenty-five percent of the information is immediately broadcast to the regional offices to support the on-line account service. All the information is filtered and stored in the database. Architectural AlternativesAlternative I: The Database Management System This alternative takes advantage of the extended functionality provided by the popular relational database management companies, such as Oracle and Sybase. All information is delivered into the system where it is immediately stored into one of the databases. The relational database management software is responsi ble for the distribution of information throughout the system. Clients communicate with the databases through Standard Query Language (SQL). Corporate and regional databases are kept synchronized using features supplied by the RDBMS software.Transactions are guaranteed by using special Transaction Processing Software. The vendor-supplied RDBMS software is responsible for back-up and recovery of all the databases. Data security is handled at the row level within each database. This means that clients can only receive records for which their user has permission. Existing application software may have to be modified to use SQL. Alternative II: Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) This solution depends on CORBA to tie together the clients and databases. CORBA is responsible for distributing data across the system.The RDBMS software is still responsible for the back-up and recovery, but the databases are kept synchronized using CORBA as the primary transport mechanism for th e data. Clients, application servers, and databases communicate to each other through CORBA’s transport mechanism. Existing application software would be wrapped in IDL to communicate with other applications. Special near-real time handling application software would send the information to each of the regional offices where it would be directed to clients that subscribe to the information.Alternative III: Message and Queuing (M&Q) The message and queuing design uses commercial M & Q software combined with a transaction processing product to ensure customer’s transactions are completed. Dec Message Queue and MQ Series are some of the leading products for messaging and queuing software. Clients communicate to other entities using messages. Messages are deposited in queues and the message and queuing middleware is responsible for message distribution to the appropriate clients. The software applications will be modified to send and receive messages from queues.Questions to Answer (Total 100 points) The case study must be discussed covering the designs and these questions with your teammates, but your final write-up should be your collaborative work. Doing research on specific products for the assignment should certainly be a team activity. The total length of the write-up should probably not exceed 5 pages. 1. Describe in more detail the architecture of each architectural alternative. To do this you will need to flesh out the specifics of the various parts.This will require some research on the  products indicated (or other comparable products that you locate). Note that some services are automatically provided when a particular product is purchased, while others must be developed to satisfy the system requirements. You should describe what services are automatically provided by the products, which services would need to be developed, and how services should be distributed across the network. (40 points) 2. Evaluate each of the alternatives again st the system requirements, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. (You may assume that the hardware will support all solutions.)In your analysis you might consider issues such as which alternative gives the system developers the most flexibility, which alternative provides easiest maintenance, and which alternative requires the least modification to the current system. Other hints for system comparison are listed below. (40 points) 3. Prioritize each alternative or suggest a different solution if you think it superior to the presented alternatives. (20 points) Suggestions on how to proceed 1. There is not enough information to make an informed decision about each of the alternatives.As a team, allot a percentage of your time to discover which products offer what type of services. You do not have enough time to do a complete market survey so be selective. 2. If you depend only on marketing information you may find that the alternatives are equivalent. So you might want to go beyond the market literature in doing your research for this assignment. 3. As you do your analysis, pay particular attention to some of the following kinds of issues: a. How well does the architecture support the basic system functionality requirements? b. How much run time performance overhead does the architecture impose?c. How well will specific products handle the high volume of data? d. How will each architecture handle occasional peak loads? e. How easy is it to customize the system to new requirements? 4. In your analysis, when you are considering costs, you do not need to consider the actual product cost. (It may be impossible to get actual product costs anyway. ) Instead, evaluate cost with respect to the amount of customized software that will be necessary to implement each alternative, and how this might affect long-term maintenance costs, time to implement, flexibility, etc.

The Job Selection Criteria

Why are you applying for the Graduate Trainee Program in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade? What skills and attributes would you be able to contribute to DFAT's goals and work? You should give examples based on your academic achievements, work experience and/or extra-curricular activities. I deem the Graduate Trainee Program as one of the epitomes of DFAT's thrust in showcasing the best and brightest Australia has to offer the international community. Being part of a vibrant, dedicated and diverse group of individuals entrusted to foster understanding and promote the country's foreign and trade relations is a challenge anyone who believes in Australia should be proud to be a part of. Having read Politics and Government in university and presently doing my post-graduate studies in International Relations give me the fundamental, if not advanced, skills as well as awareness of local and international socio-political and economic realities of today. Complementary to my academic skills are the English language teaching experiences I have locally and abroad, which contributed immensely to my understanding of different cultures and peoples of varying age group. Being trilingual (English, Korean and street Japanese) gives me the edge to appreciate not only the language of other people but the nuances of what a language conveys, this is a paramount trait in comprehending the distinct language of diplomacy. It has helped me deal with clients in an interpretation job, students in a teaching assignment or local tribes people in medical or mercy missions. 1.Written and Oral Communication Skills Provide examples of where your written and oral communication and negotiation skills have been most effective in the workplace or elsewhere. What outcomes were achieved? One of the jobs I do on the side is translation and interpretation work from Korean to English and vice versa. This type of work deals with Korean trade delegations coming to Australia to deal with Australian business owners. Both Korean and Australian clients require submission of a written project proposal prior to getting the tasking. The proposal calls for demonstrating my competence and advanced level of understanding not only of the Korean and English languages but the cultures as well. In writing the proposal, I set my plan of action and the methodology to be used for the translation and interpretation processes. After the clients read through my proposal, I present it to both parties and convince them of my being the right person to get the job done. During the actual translation/interpretation work, I sometimes observe that the principals' understanding of what each said to the other may get â€Å"lost in translation.† The outcome of which is that on several occasions, I had to mediate and arbitrate so that the two factions agree on correct interpretations. It is noteworthy seeing conflicting parties come to terms because of my diplomatic approach and diligence in getting the job done properly. Describe a situation in which you had to identify and analyze a problem and then recommend a solution. What was the outcome? What constraints did you face in developing the solution? Would you have done anything differently? In 2001, while doing community re-building voluntary work with the Youth with a Mission (YMAN), a non-government organization assisting marginalized communities worldwide, I was a â€Å"trainee team leader† charged with a group of young volunteers from the United States, Canada, Australia, Fiji and even Australian aborigines. We were in northern Thailand amongst the Karen and Hmong tribes and I found out that due to their patriarchal society, the males in the tribes refused to work with our female volunteers. This caused some setbacks since individual assignments were already given prior to arriving on site. As the team leader of the group, I discussed this problem with the senior team leader and recommended that we should respect their culture in order to complete the mission. I talked with the team and organised the male volunteers to work in building houses and improving the local site. The female volunteers took on the English teaching assignments and medical assistance. This went well with the local populace and we gained their respect because we demonstrated our reverence for their beliefs. I would have done things differently by studying the culture, beliefs and peculiarities of the tribes first prior to embarking on another volunteer mission. What makes a successful team, in the workplace or elsewhere? Why are you an effective team member? How have you incorporated people from different backgrounds in a team in which you have participated? Give an example of how you have contributed to a team's achievements. Team success rests with good leadership and management. I related the leader and manager role since despite being distinct characteristics, they are inseparable traits of someone charged with such daunting assignment. A leader/manager must have the vision to effectively implement tasks and the steadfastness to successfully complete mission objectives. My value as a team member is the ability to work cohesively with each team member and agree to set aside idiosyncrasies in order to fulfill collective goals. People with different backgrounds can be incorporated in a team by appealing to their individual aims and marry them with the strategic objectives. During one of my courses in post-graduate studies, our class simulated a United Nations Security Council meeting and I played the part of the Secretary General. We were doing North Korean nuclear proliferation conflict resolution and individuals have their own opinions on how best to mitigate the problem. Playing the goodwill role, I contributed to the team output by consolidating valid points from individuals and getting a group consensus that the solution to North Korea's nuclear arms program is by catering to the North Korean's need for aid in exchange for reduction or total demobilization of the nuclear arms . 4.Flexibility, Adaptability and Initiative Give an example of a challenge you have recently faced in the workplace, your studies or extra-curricular activities. Describe how you addressed and overcame that challenge. What were some of the difficulties you faced? While working as a contractual English instructor in Korea, I noticed that the students learning English, though very diligent and hardworking, English have a hard time with conversational, street-speak and business English. This is due to the formation of the program wherein they learn classroom and â€Å"theoretical† English but lacking the suave and practical application. Korea is a very rigid and structured society and change usually comes at a difficult phase. I adapted and conformed to the norms of the school but took the initiative by instructing my students to prepare a five-minute oral presentation of a country of their choice. The presentations have to be made with individually hand-made posters to have more impact in terms of graphics. After each student's presentation, critiques from the class – in English, were done and this further confirmed the value of the pioneering teaching methodology. Needless to say, my technique was adapted by other teachers, who found it more efficient than the processes they have been using for years. Even the school director was pleased with my achievement that when my contract ended, he offered to renew it but I declined since I had to go back to Australia to pursue my studies.